mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Putting GPT-4o to the Sword: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Language, Vision, Speech, and Multimodal Proficiency

arXiv 2407.09519 ↗First posted 19 Jun 2024cs.AI cs.CLcited by 31

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Abstract (arXiv)

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, evaluating their comprehensive capabilities becomes significant for their application in various fields. This research study comprehensively evaluates the language, vision, speech, and multimodal capabilities of GPT-4o. The study employs standardized exam questions, reasoning tasks, and translation assessments to assess the model's language capability. Additionally, GPT-4o's vision and speech capabilities are tested through image classification and object recognition tasks, as well as accent classification. The multimodal evaluation assesses the model's performance in integrating visual and linguistic data. Our findings reveal that GPT-4o demonstrates high accuracy and efficiency across multiple domains in language and reasoning capabilities, excelling in tasks that require few-shot learning. GPT-4o also provides notable improvements in multimodal tasks compared to its predecessors. However, the model shows variability and faces limitations in handling complex and ambiguous inputs, particularly in audio and vision capabilities. This paper highlights the need for more comprehensive benchmarks and robust evaluation frameworks, encompassing qualitative assessments involving human judgment as well as error analysis. Future work should focus on expanding datasets, investigating prompt-based assessment, and enhancing few-shot learning techniques to test the model's practical applicability and performance in real-world scenarios.

Key facts. Cited by 31 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 8 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Jun 2024.

Builds on

8 of 34 references.

References · 8

  1. 2023Bad Actor, Good Advisor: Exploring the Role of Large Language Models in Fake News Detectioncited by 69
  2. 2023ChatGPT and a New Academic Reality: Artificial Intelligence-Written Research Papers and the Ethics of the Large Language Models in Scholarly Publishingcited by 51
  3. 2024Unveiling the Safety of GPT-4o: An Empirical Study using Jailbreak Attackscited by 35
  4. 2023GPT-3.5, GPT-4, or BARD? Evaluating LLMs Reasoning Ability in Zero-Shot Setting and Performance Boosting Through Promptscited by 34
  5. 2021GAN Computers Generate Arts? A Survey on Visual Arts, Music, and Literary Text Generation using Generative Adversarial Networkcited by 15
  6. 2024M4U: Evaluating Multilingual Understanding and Reasoning for Large Multimodal Modelscited by 13
  7. 2021CTAL: Pre-training Cross-modal Transformer for Audio-and-Language Representationscited by 9
  8. 2023The Imitation Game: Detecting Human and AI-Generated Texts in the Era of ChatGPT and BARDcited by 9

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 6; 2025: 20; 2026: 5.

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  1. 2024A Comprehensive Evaluation of Cognitive Biases in LLMscited by 32
  2. 2024SafeEmbodAI: a Safety Framework for Mobile Robots in Embodied AI Systemscited by 12
  3. 2025Addressing Bias in Generative AI: Challenges and Research Opportunities in Information Managementcited by 7
  4. 20253DAxisPrompt: Promoting the 3D Grounding and Reasoning in GPT-4ocited by 6
  5. 2025Labeling Free-text Data using Language Model Ensemblescited by 5
  6. 2025CrossHOI-Bench: A Unified Benchmark for HOI Evaluation across Vision-Language Models and HOI-Specific Methodscited by 5
  7. 2025Learning to Plan Before Answering: Self-Teaching LLMs to Learn Abstract Plans for Problem Solvingcited by 4
  8. 2024LLM Online Spatial-temporal Signal Reconstruction Under Noisecited by 3
  9. 2025Exploring Multimodal Perception in Large Language Models Through Perceptual Strength Ratingscited by 3
  10. 2026From GPT-3 to GPT-5: Mapping their capabilities, scope, limitations, and consequencescited by 3
  11. 2025Test-Time Alignment for Large Language Models via Textual Model Predictive Controlcited by 2
  12. 2025Recursive Offloading for LLM Serving in Multi-tier Networkscited by 2
19 more
  1. 2025Scatter-Based Innovation Propagation in Large Language Models for Multi-Stage Process Adaptationcited by 2
  2. 2026The Bots of Persuasion: Examining How Conversational Agents' Linguistic Expressions of Personality Affect User Perceptions and Decisionscited by 2
  3. 2024GPT Sonograpy: Hand Gesture Decoding from Forearm Ultrasound Images via VLMcited by 1
  4. 2024From Predictive Importance to Causality: Which Machine Learning Model Reflects Reality?cited by 1
  5. 2024Predicting User Stances from Target-Agnostic Information using Large Language Modelscited by 1
  6. 2025DeepSeek on a Trip: Inducing Targeted Visual Hallucinations via Representation Vulnerabilitiescited by 1
  7. 2025AI University: An LLM-Powered Learning Assistant for Engineering---A Finite Element Method Case Studycited by 1
  8. 2025Ratas framework: A comprehensive genai-based approach to rubric-based marking of real-world textual examscited by 1
  9. 2025An Empirical Study of Bugs in Data Visualization Librariescited by 1
  10. 2025MMAT-1M: A Large Reasoning Dataset for Multimodal Agent Tuningcited by 1
  11. 2025Enhancing Reliability in LLM-Integrated Robotic Systems: A Unified Approach to Security and Safetycited by 1
  12. 2026From "Help" to Helpful: A Hierarchical Assessment of LLMs in Mental e-Health Applicationscited by 1
  13. 2026Parse, Search, and Confirmation: Training-Free Aerial Vision-and-Dialog Navigation with Chain-of-Thought Reasoning and Structured Spatial Memorycited by 1
  14. 2025A Dynamic and High-Precision Method for Scenario-Based HRA Synthetic Data Collection in Multi-Agent Collaborative Environments Driven by LLMscited by 0
  15. 2025Context-Aware Scientific Knowledge Extraction on Linked Open Data using Large Language Modelscited by 0
  16. 2025Exploring Decision-Making Capabilities of LLM Agents: An Experimental Study on Jump-Jump Gamecited by 0
  17. 2025To See or To Read: User Behavior Reasoning in Multimodal LLMscited by 0
  18. 2025Instruction Tuning of Large Language Models for Tabular Data Generation-in One Daycited by 0
  19. 2026SPLIT: Cross-Lingual Empathy and Cultural Grounding in English and Ukrainian LLM Responsescited by 0

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  1. 2023Lost in Translation: When GPT-4V(ision) Can't See Eye to Eye with Text. A Vision-Language-Consistency Analysis of VLLMs and Beyond
  2. 2025A Preliminary Exploration with GPT-4o Voice Mode
  3. 2023GPT-4V(ision) as a Generalist Evaluator for Vision-Language Tasks
  4. 2023The Dawn of LMMs: Preliminary Explorations with GPT-4V(ision)
  5. 2023GPT4Tools: Teaching Large Language Model to Use Tools via Self-instruction
  6. 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Models
  7. 2023Evaluating GPT-4's Vision Capabilities on Brazilian University Admission Exams
  8. 2024Evaluating and Advancing Multimodal Large Language Models in Perception Ability Lens