mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

GenRL: Multimodal-foundation world models for generalization in embodied agents

arXiv 2406.18043 ↗First posted 26 Jun 2024cs.AI cs.CV cs.LGcited by 29

On the map: World models → Embodied and robot world models

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Abstract (arXiv)

Learning generalist embodied agents, able to solve multitudes of tasks in different domains is a long-standing problem. Reinforcement learning (RL) is hard to scale up as it requires a complex reward design for each task. In contrast, language can specify tasks in a more natural way. Current foundation vision-language models (VLMs) generally require fine-tuning or other adaptations to be adopted in embodied contexts, due to the significant domain gap. However, the lack of multimodal data in such domains represents an obstacle to developing foundation models for embodied applications. In this work, we overcome these problems by presenting multimodal-foundation world models, able to connect and align the representation of foundation VLMs with the latent space of generative world models for RL, without any language annotations. The resulting agent learning framework, GenRL, allows one to specify tasks through vision and/or language prompts, ground them in the embodied domain's dynamics, and learn the corresponding behaviors in imagination. As assessed through large-scale multi-task benchmarking in locomotion and manipulation domains, GenRL enables multi-task generalization from language and visual prompts. Furthermore, by introducing a data-free policy learning strategy, our approach lays the groundwork for foundational policy learning using generative world models. Website, code and data: https://mazpie.github.io/genrl/

Key facts. Cited by 29 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Embodied and robot world models, one of 11 directions in World models. Builds on 31 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Jun 2024.

Builds on

31 of 42 references.

References · 31

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  3. 2014Empirical Evaluation of Gated Recurrent Neural Networks on Sequence Modelingcited by 2,341
  4. 2018Addressing Function Approximation Error in Actor-Critic Methodscited by 2,302
  5. 2013Estimating or Propagating Gradients Through Stochastic Neurons for Conditional Computationcited by 2,031
  6. 2020Offline Reinforcement Learning: Tutorial, Review, and Perspectives on Open Problemscited by 1,873
  7. 2020Conservative Q-Learning for Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,777
  8. 2019Dream to Control: Learning Behaviors by Latent Imaginationcited by 1,598
  9. 2016Concrete Problems in AI Safetycited by 1,582
  10. 2018World Modelscited by 1,444
  11. 2021Offline Reinforcement Learning with Implicit Q-Learningcited by 1,245
  12. 2018Learning Latent Dynamics for Planning from Pixelscited by 1,221
19 more
  1. 2023Mastering Diverse Domains through World Modelscited by 1,193
  2. 2021A Minimalist Approach to Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 882
  3. 2022Mind the Gap: Understanding the Modality Gap in Multi-modal Contrastive Representation Learningcited by 553
  4. 2023VideoPoet: A Large Language Model for Zero-Shot Video Generationcited by 479
  5. 2022MineDojo: Building Open-Ended Embodied Agents with Internet-Scale Knowledgecited by 469
  6. 2019Relay Policy Learning: Solving Long-Horizon Tasks via Imitation and Reinforcement Learningcited by 380
  7. 2020dm_control: Software and Tasks for Continuous Controlcited by 368
  8. 2020Planning to Explore via Self-Supervised World Modelscited by 365
  9. 2021Mastering Visual Continuous Control: Improved Data-Augmented Reinforcement Learningcited by 359
  10. 2023Vision-Language Models are Zero-Shot Reward Models for Reinforcement Learningcited by 155
  11. 2023Revisiting the Minimalist Approach to Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 121
  12. 2023Motif: Intrinsic Motivation from Artificial Intelligence Feedbackcited by 99
  13. 2023STEVE-1: A Generative Model for Text-to-Behavior in Minecraftcited by 95
  14. 2023Video Prediction Models as Rewards for Reinforcement Learningcited by 76
  15. 2021DreamerPro: Reconstruction-Free Model-Based Reinforcement Learning with Prototypical Representationscited by 73
  16. 2022Can Foundation Models Perform Zero-Shot Task Specification For Robot Manipulation?cited by 70
  17. 2023Vision-Language Models as a Source of Rewardscited by 65
  18. 2024Mastering Memory Tasks with World Modelscited by 38
  19. 2022Choreographer: Learning and Adapting Skills in Imaginationcited by 31

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 18; 2026: 11.

29 papers.

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  1. 2025EmbodiedBench: Comprehensive Benchmarking Multi-modal Large Language Models for Vision-Driven Embodied Agentscited by 213
  2. 2025AdaWorld: Learning Adaptable World Models with Latent Actionscited by 108
  3. 2025A Survey of WebAgents: Towards Next-Generation AI Agents for Web Automation with Large Foundation Modelscited by 87
  4. 2025RynnVLA-002: A Unified Vision-Language-Action and World Modelcited by 70
  5. 2025Multi-agent Embodied AI: Advances and Future Directionscited by 36
  6. 2025AGENTSAFE: Benchmarking the Safety of Embodied Agents on Hazardous Instructionscited by 33
  7. 2025Reward Models in Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Surveycited by 24
  8. 2025Embodied AI: From LLMs to World Modelscited by 23
  9. 2025RFTF: Reinforcement Fine-tuning for Embodied Agents with Temporal Feedbackcited by 19
  10. 2025A Step Toward World Models: A Survey on Robotic Manipulationcited by 15
  11. 2026Why LLMs Aren't Scientists Yet: Lessons from Four Autonomous Research Attemptscited by 12
  12. 2025Neural Brain: A Neuroscience-inspired Framework for Embodied Agentscited by 10
17 more
  1. 2025What Happens Next? Anticipating Future Motion by Generating Point Trajectoriescited by 9
  2. 2025FOUNDER: Grounding Foundation Models in World Models for Open-Ended Embodied Decision Makingcited by 8
  3. 2025Disentangled World Models: Learning to Transfer Semantic Knowledge from Distracting Videos for Reinforcement Learningcited by 6
  4. 2025AgentSense: Virtual Sensor Data Generation Using LLM Agents in Simulated Home Environmentscited by 4
  5. 2026From Generative Engines to Actionable Simulators: The Imperative of Physical Grounding in World Modelscited by 4
  6. 2025Context and Diversity Matter: The Emergence of In-Context Learning in World Modelscited by 3
  7. 2026Grounded World Model for Semantically Generalizable Planningcited by 1
  8. 2026HaM-World: Soft-Hamiltonian World Models with Selective Memory for Planningcited by 1
  9. 2026CometVLA: Co-Training on an Embodied Data Pyramid towards Physical Understandingcited by 1
  10. 2025Exploring the Link Between Bayesian Inference and Embodied Intelligence: Toward Open Physical-World Embodied AI Systemscited by 0
  11. 2025BiTAgent: A Task-Aware Modular Framework for Bidirectional Coupling between Multimodal Large Language Models and World Modelscited by 0
  12. 2026Tape: A Cellular Automata Benchmark for Evaluating Rule-Shift Generalization in Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
  13. 2026Learning Task-Invariant Properties via Dreamer: Enabling Efficient Policy Transfer for Quadruped Robotscited by 0
  14. 2026Reinforcing VLAs in Task-Agnostic World Modelscited by 0
  15. 2026Task diversity produces systematic transfer but inhibits continual reinforcement learningcited by 0
  16. 2026Hybrid Advantage Estimation with Unified Critic for VLM Agentic Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
  17. 2026CyberWorld: World Models for Sample-Efficient Autonomous Cyber Defensecited by 0

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  1. 2024From Multimodal LLMs to Generalist Embodied Agents: Methods and Lessons
  2. 2026GigaBrain-0.7: Scaling Embodied Foundation Models to Emergent Capabilities with a Three-System Architecture
  3. 2025Benchmarking the Generality of Vision-Language-Action Models
  4. 2026WorldBagel: Uncovering the Power of Unified Multimodal Models for Vision-Language-Action-World Modeling
  5. 2026Vision-Language-Action in Robotics: A Survey of Datasets, Benchmarks, and Data Engines
  6. 2024A Survey on Vision-Language-Action Models for Embodied AI
  7. 2025EVLP:Learning Unified Embodied Vision-Language Planner with Reinforced Supervised Fine-Tuning
  8. 2025EmbodiedBrain: Expanding Performance Boundaries of Task Planning for Embodied Intelligence