Multi-LogiEval: Towards Evaluating Multi-Step Logical Reasoning Ability of Large Language Models
On the map: LLM reasoning → Reasoning benchmarks and evaluation
Abstract (arXiv)
As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to exhibit remarkable performance in natural language understanding tasks, there is a crucial need to measure their ability for human-like multi-step logical reasoning. Existing logical reasoning evaluation benchmarks often focus primarily on simplistic single-step or multi-step reasoning with a limited set of inference rules. Furthermore, the lack of datasets for evaluating non-monotonic reasoning represents a crucial gap since it aligns more closely with human-like reasoning. To address these limitations, we propose Multi-LogiEval, a comprehensive evaluation dataset encompassing multi-step logical reasoning with various inference rules and depths. Multi-LogiEval covers three logic types--propositional, first-order, and non-monotonic--consisting of more than 30 inference rules and more than 60 of their combinations with various depths. Leveraging this dataset, we conduct evaluations on a range of LLMs including GPT-4, ChatGPT, Gemini-Pro, Yi, Orca, and Mistral, employing a zero-shot chain-of-thought. Experimental results show that there is a significant drop in the performance of LLMs as the reasoning steps/depth increases (average accuracy of ~68% at depth-1 to ~43% at depth-5). We further conduct a thorough investigation of reasoning chains generated by LLMs which reveals several important findings. We believe that Multi-LogiEval facilitates future research for evaluating and enhancing the logical reasoning ability of LLMs. Data is available at https://github.com/Mihir3009/Multi-LogiEval.
Key facts. Cited by 39 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning benchmarks and evaluation, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 12 of its 28 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Jun 2024.
Builds on
12 of 28 references.
Closest ancestors · 5
Same direction, newest first
- 2024LogicBench: Towards Systematic Evaluation of Logical Reasoning Ability of Large Language Models23 Apr
- 2023Towards LogiGLUE: A Brief Survey and A Benchmark for Analyzing Logical Reasoning Capabilities of Language Models2 Oct
- 2023BoardgameQA: A Dataset for Natural Language Reasoning with Contradictory Information13 Jun
- 2022FOLIO: Natural Language Reasoning with First-Order Logic2 Sep
- 2022On the Paradox of Learning to Reason from Data23 May
Other references · 7
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
- 2023Mistral 7Bcited by 3,164
- 2023A Survey of Large Language Modelscited by 2,576
- 2024Yi: Open Foundation Models by 01.AIcited by 719
- 2024KTO: Model Alignment as Prospect Theoretic Optimizationcited by 264
- 2023Orca 2: Teaching Small Language Models How to Reasoncited by 159
- 2022Multi-hop Question Answeringcited by 64
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 27; 2026: 9.
39 papers.
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- 2025Empowering LLMs with Logical Reasoning: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 51
- 2025Towards Greater Leverage: Scaling Laws for Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Language Modelscited by 45
- 2025Semantic-Aware Logical Reasoning via a Semiotic Frameworkcited by 32
- 2025VerifyBench: Benchmarking Reference-based Reward Systems for Large Language Modelscited by 20
- 2025THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Modelscited by 19
- 2024Step-by-Step Reasoning to Solve Grid Puzzles: Where do LLMs Falter?cited by 18
- 2025Dissecting Logical Reasoning in LLMs: A Fine-Grained Evaluation and Supervision Studycited by 17
- 2024A Implies B: Circuit Analysis in LLMs for Propositional Logical Reasoningcited by 15
- 2025TurnBench-MS: A Benchmark for Evaluating Multi-Turn, Multi-Step Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 13
- 2025Towards Reliable Benchmarking: A Contamination Free, Controllable Evaluation Framework for Multi-step LLM Function Callingcited by 13
- 2025Meta-Thinking in LLMs via Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning: A Surveycited by 10
- 2025Every Attention Matters: An Efficient Hybrid Architecture for Long-Context Reasoningcited by 10
27 more
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- 2025Solar Photovoltaic Assessment with Large Language Modelcited by 7
- 2025MuSLR: Multimodal Symbolic Logical Reasoningcited by 7
- 2025SLR: Automated Synthesis for Scalable Logical Reasoningcited by 6
- 2025LogicReward: Incentivizing LLM Reasoning via Step-Wise Logical Supervisioncited by 6
- 2025DeepMath-Creative: A Benchmark for Evaluating Mathematical Creativity of Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2026A Neuropsychologically Grounded Evaluation of LLM Cognitive Abilitiescited by 5
- 2025ALAS: Transactional and Dynamic Multi-Agent LLM Planningcited by 3
- 2025Toward Honest Language Models for Deductive Reasoningcited by 3
- 2024Autonomous Evaluation of LLMs for Truth Maintenance and Reasoning Taskscited by 2
- 2025LogiPlan: A Structured Benchmark for Logical Planning and Relational Reasoning in LLMscited by 2
- 2025Throttling Web Agents Using Reasoning Gatescited by 2
- 2026Beyond Factual Knowledge: Benchmarking and Learning Step-Level Procedural Rule Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 2
- 2025Computational Reasoning of Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2025Agentic Episodic Controlcited by 1
- 2025Generics and Default Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2025UniCode: Augmenting Evaluation for Code Reasoningcited by 1
- 2026How Clued up are LLMs? Evaluating Multi-Step Deductive Reasoning in a Text-Based Game Environmentcited by 1
- 2026When Decodability Is Not Enough: Logical Validity Representations, Behavioral Dissociation, and Causal Tests in Language Modelscited by 1
- 2025OPENXRD: A Comprehensive Benchmark Framework for LLM/MLLM XRD Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2025BAR Conjecture: the Feasibility of Inference Budget-Constrained LLM Services with Authenticity and Reasoningcited by 0
- 2025Cognitive bias in LLM reasoning compromises interpretation of clinical oncology notescited by 0
- 2026HABIB_TAZ at SemEval-2026 Task 11: Disentangling Formal Logic from Content via Synthetic Training and Multi-Objective Optimizationcited by 0
- 2026SymStep: Symbolic Step Verification for Logical Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026The Effect of Perceived Race and Gender on Police Language Use: Experimental Evidence from VR Simulationscited by 0
- 2026RuleWeaver: Benchmarking Rule-Centered Scenario Reasoning for Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Clueing up LLMs with Tool-Augmented Deductive Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026Clueing up LLMs with Tool-Augmented Deductive Reasoning16 Sep 2026
- 2026When Decodability Is Not Enough: Logical Validity Representations, Behavioral Dissociation, and Causal Tests in Language Models2 Sep 2026
- 2026RuleWeaver: Benchmarking Rule-Centered Scenario Reasoning for Large Language Models27 Aug 2026
- 2026Beyond Factual Knowledge: Benchmarking and Learning Step-Level Procedural Rule Reasoning in Large Language Models24 Aug 2026
- 2026The Effect of Perceived Race and Gender on Police Language Use: Experimental Evidence from VR Simulations5 Aug 2026
- 2026SymStep: Symbolic Step Verification for Logical Reasoning25 Jul 2026
- 2026HABIB_TAZ at SemEval-2026 Task 11: Disentangling Formal Logic from Content via Synthetic Training and Multi-Objective Optimization15 Jul 2026
- 2026How Clued up are LLMs? Evaluating Multi-Step Deductive Reasoning in a Text-Based Game Environment17 Mar 2026
- 2026A Neuropsychologically Grounded Evaluation of LLM Cognitive Abilities3 Mar 2026
- 2025LogicReward: Incentivizing LLM Reasoning via Step-Wise Logical Supervision20 Dec 2025
- 2025Cognitive bias in LLM reasoning compromises interpretation of clinical oncology notes16 Nov 2025
- 2025Toward Honest Language Models for Deductive Reasoning12 Nov 2025
27 more
- 2025ALAS: Transactional and Dynamic Multi-Agent LLM Planning5 Nov 2025
- 2025Every Attention Matters: An Efficient Hybrid Architecture for Long-Context Reasoning22 Oct 2025
- 2025UniCode: Augmenting Evaluation for Code Reasoning16 Oct 2025
- 2025Towards Reliable Benchmarking: A Contamination Free, Controllable Evaluation Framework for Multi-step LLM Function Calling30 Sep 2025
- 2025MuSLR: Multimodal Symbolic Logical Reasoning30 Sep 2025
- 2025Semantic-Aware Logical Reasoning via a Semiotic Framework29 Sep 2025
- 2025Throttling Web Agents Using Reasoning Gates1 Sep 2025
- 2025Generics and Default Reasoning in Large Language Models19 Aug 2025
- 2025BAR Conjecture: the Feasibility of Inference Budget-Constrained LLM Services with Authenticity and Reasoning31 Jul 2025
- 2025Solar Photovoltaic Assessment with Large Language Model25 Jul 2025
- 2025Towards Greater Leverage: Scaling Laws for Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Language Models23 Jul 2025
- 2025OPENXRD: A Comprehensive Benchmark Framework for LLM/MLLM XRD Question Answering12 Jul 2025
- 2025SLR: Automated Synthesis for Scalable Logical Reasoning18 Jun 2025
- 2025LogiPlan: A Structured Benchmark for Logical Planning and Relational Reasoning in LLMs12 Jun 2025
- 2025Dissecting Logical Reasoning in LLMs: A Fine-Grained Evaluation and Supervision Study5 Jun 2025
- 2025Agentic Episodic Control2 Jun 2025
- 2025TurnBench-MS: A Benchmark for Evaluating Multi-Turn, Multi-Step Reasoning in Large Language Models2 Jun 2025
- 2025THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models28 May 2025
- 2025VerifyBench: Benchmarking Reference-based Reward Systems for Large Language Models21 May 2025
- 2025DeepMath-Creative: A Benchmark for Evaluating Mathematical Creativity of Large Language Models13 May 2025
- 2025Computational Reasoning of Large Language Models29 Apr 2025
- 2025Meta-Thinking in LLMs via Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning: A Survey20 Apr 2025
- 2025Empowering LLMs with Logical Reasoning: A Comprehensive Survey21 Feb 2025
- 2025Investigating the Shortcomings of LLMs in Step-by-Step Legal Reasoning8 Feb 2025
- 2024A Implies B: Circuit Analysis in LLMs for Propositional Logical Reasoning6 Nov 2024
- 2024Autonomous Evaluation of LLMs for Truth Maintenance and Reasoning Tasks11 Oct 2024
- 2024Step-by-Step Reasoning to Solve Grid Puzzles: Where do LLMs Falter?20 Jul 2024
- 2025Empowering LLMs with Logical Reasoning: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 51
- 2025Semantic-Aware Logical Reasoning via a Semiotic Frameworkcited by 32
- 2025VerifyBench: Benchmarking Reference-based Reward Systems for Large Language Modelscited by 20
- 2025THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Modelscited by 19
- 2024Step-by-Step Reasoning to Solve Grid Puzzles: Where do LLMs Falter?cited by 18
- 2025Dissecting Logical Reasoning in LLMs: A Fine-Grained Evaluation and Supervision Studycited by 17
- 2024A Implies B: Circuit Analysis in LLMs for Propositional Logical Reasoningcited by 15
- 2025TurnBench-MS: A Benchmark for Evaluating Multi-Turn, Multi-Step Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 13
- 2025Meta-Thinking in LLMs via Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning: A Surveycited by 10
- 2025Investigating the Shortcomings of LLMs in Step-by-Step Legal Reasoningcited by 9
- 2025MuSLR: Multimodal Symbolic Logical Reasoningcited by 7
- 2025SLR: Automated Synthesis for Scalable Logical Reasoningcited by 6
12 most cited of 29 All 29 (JSON)
- 2026Clueing up LLMs with Tool-Augmented Deductive Reasoning16 Sep 2026
- 2026When Decodability Is Not Enough: Logical Validity Representations, Behavioral Dissociation, and Causal Tests in Language Models2 Sep 2026
- 2026RuleWeaver: Benchmarking Rule-Centered Scenario Reasoning for Large Language Models27 Aug 2026
- 2026Beyond Factual Knowledge: Benchmarking and Learning Step-Level Procedural Rule Reasoning in Large Language Models24 Aug 2026
- 2026SymStep: Symbolic Step Verification for Logical Reasoning25 Jul 2026
- 2026HABIB_TAZ at SemEval-2026 Task 11: Disentangling Formal Logic from Content via Synthetic Training and Multi-Objective Optimization15 Jul 2026
- 2026How Clued up are LLMs? Evaluating Multi-Step Deductive Reasoning in a Text-Based Game Environment17 Mar 2026
- 2025LogicReward: Incentivizing LLM Reasoning via Step-Wise Logical Supervision20 Dec 2025
- 2025Cognitive bias in LLM reasoning compromises interpretation of clinical oncology notes16 Nov 2025
- 2025Toward Honest Language Models for Deductive Reasoning12 Nov 2025
- 2025UniCode: Augmenting Evaluation for Code Reasoning16 Oct 2025
- 2025MuSLR: Multimodal Symbolic Logical Reasoning30 Sep 2025
12 newest of 29 All 29 (JSON)
- 2025Every Attention Matters: An Efficient Hybrid Architecture for Long-Context Reasoningcited by 10
- 2025Solar Photovoltaic Assessment with Large Language Modelcited by 7
- 2025DeepMath-Creative: A Benchmark for Evaluating Mathematical Creativity of Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2026A Neuropsychologically Grounded Evaluation of LLM Cognitive Abilitiescited by 5
- 2026The Effect of Perceived Race and Gender on Police Language Use: Experimental Evidence from VR Simulationscited by 0
- 2026The Effect of Perceived Race and Gender on Police Language Use: Experimental Evidence from VR Simulations5 Aug 2026
- 2026A Neuropsychologically Grounded Evaluation of LLM Cognitive Abilities3 Mar 2026
- 2025Every Attention Matters: An Efficient Hybrid Architecture for Long-Context Reasoning22 Oct 2025
- 2025Solar Photovoltaic Assessment with Large Language Model25 Jul 2025
- 2025DeepMath-Creative: A Benchmark for Evaluating Mathematical Creativity of Large Language Models13 May 2025
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