mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Akal Badi ya Bias: An Exploratory Study of Gender Bias in Hindi Language Technology

arXiv 2405.06346 ↗First posted 10 May 2024cs.CLcited by 17

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Existing research in measuring and mitigating gender bias predominantly centers on English, overlooking the intricate challenges posed by non-English languages and the Global South. This paper presents the first comprehensive study delving into the nuanced landscape of gender bias in Hindi, the third most spoken language globally. Our study employs diverse mining techniques, computational models, field studies and sheds light on the limitations of current methodologies. Given the challenges faced with mining gender biased statements in Hindi using existing methods, we conducted field studies to bootstrap the collection of such sentences. Through field studies involving rural and low-income community women, we uncover diverse perceptions of gender bias, underscoring the necessity for context-specific approaches. This paper advocates for a community-centric research design, amplifying voices often marginalized in previous studies. Our findings not only contribute to the understanding of gender bias in Hindi but also establish a foundation for further exploration of Indic languages. By exploring the intricacies of this understudied context, we call for thoughtful engagement with gender bias, promoting inclusivity and equity in linguistic and cultural contexts beyond the Global North.

Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 41 of its 94 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 May 2024.

Builds on

41 of 94 references.

References · 41

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2016Man is to Computer Programmer as Woman is to Homemaker? Debiasing Word Embeddingscited by 1,304
  3. 2016Semantics derived automatically from language corpora contain human-like biasescited by 894
  4. 2020CrowS-Pairs: A Challenge Dataset for Measuring Social Biases in Masked Language Modelscited by 703
  5. 2018Gender Bias in Coreference Resolution: Evaluation and Debiasing Methodscited by 657
  6. 2019On the Cross-lingual Transferability of Monolingual Representationscited by 575
  7. 2021Dealing with Disagreements: Looking Beyond the Majority Vote in Subjective Annotationscited by 306
  8. 2018Large Scale Crowdsourcing and Characterization of Twitter Abusive Behaviorcited by 265
  9. 2019Evaluating Gender Bias in Machine Translationcited by 247
  10. 2020Measuring and Reducing Gendered Correlations in Pre-trained Modelscited by 222
  11. 2021RedditBias: A Real-World Resource for Bias Evaluation and Debiasing of Conversational Language Modelscited by 149
  12. 2021Bias Out-of-the-Box: An Empirical Analysis of Intersectional Occupational Biases in Popular Generative Language Modelscited by 141
29 more
  1. 2022Power to the People? Opportunities and Challenges for Participatory AIcited by 137
  2. 2023RestGPT: Connecting Large Language Models with Real-World RESTful APIscited by 129
  3. 2022Towards Leaving No Indic Language Behind: Building Monolingual Corpora, Benchmark and Models for Indic Languagescited by 99
  4. 2021Sustainable Modular Debiasing of Language Modelscited by 98
  5. 2021Challenges in Automated Debiasing for Toxic Language Detectioncited by 95
  6. 2021A Survey on Gender Bias in Natural Language Processingcited by 89
  7. 2021On Measures of Biases and Harms in NLPcited by 81
  8. 2017Best-Worst Scaling More Reliable than Rating Scales: A Case Study on Sentiment Intensity Annotationcited by 77
  9. 2021Machine Translationese: Effects of Algorithmic Bias on Linguistic Complexity in Machine Translationcited by 70
  10. 2021Collecting a Large-Scale Gender Bias Dataset for Coreference Resolution and Machine Translationcited by 62
  11. 2022Theories of "Gender" in NLP Bias Researchcited by 62
  12. 2023Do LLMs Understand Social Knowledge? Evaluating the Sociability of Large Language Models with SocKET Benchmarkcited by 62
  13. 2021The Impact of Multiple Parallel Phrase Suggestions on Email Input and Composition Behaviour of Native and Non-Native English Writerscited by 61
  14. 2022Gender Bias in Masked Language Models for Multiple Languagescited by 60
  15. 2019The Effect of Translationese in Machine Translation Test Setscited by 49
  16. 2022IndicSUPERB: A Speech Processing Universal Performance Benchmark for Indian languagescited by 38
  17. 2023Building Real-World Meeting Summarization Systems using Large Language Models: A Practical Perspectivecited by 34
  18. 2019Tackling Online Abuse: A Survey of Automated Abuse Detection Methodscited by 33
  19. 2023Queer In AI: A Case Study in Community-Led Participatory AIcited by 33
  20. 2022Choose Your Lenses: Flaws in Gender Bias Evaluationcited by 29
  21. 2020Quantifying Intimacy in Languagecited by 25
  22. 2017Capturing Reliable Fine-Grained Sentiment Associations by Crowdsourcing and Best-Worst Scalingcited by 23
  23. 2023NBIAS: A Natural Language Processing Framework for Bias Identification in Textcited by 23
  24. 2019Unsung Challenges of Building and Deploying Language Technologies for Low Resource Language Communitiescited by 19
  25. 2023CORGI-PM: A Chinese Corpus For Gender Bias Probing and Mitigationcited by 19
  26. 2023Crossing the Threshold: Idiomatic Machine Translation through Retrieval Augmentation and Loss Weightingcited by 11
  27. 2022Cross-lingual Lifelong Learningcited by 9
  28. 2022Mitigating Gender Stereotypes in Hindi and Marathicited by 6
  29. 2022Beyond Digital "Echo Chambers": The Role of Viewpoint Diversity in Political Discussioncited by 6

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 8; 2026: 8.

17 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2025Position is Power: System Prompts as a Mechanism of Bias in Large Language Models (LLMs)cited by 19
  2. 2025FairI Tales: Evaluation of Fairness in Indian Contexts with a Focus on Bias and Stereotypescited by 9
  3. 2025A Multilingual, Culture-First Approach to Addressing Misgendering in LLM Applicationscited by 6
  4. 2025Mind the Gap! Choice Independence in Using Multilingual LLMs for Persuasive Co-Writing Tasks in Different Languagescited by 3
  5. 2025Investigating Intersectional Bias in Large Language Models using Confidence Disparities in Coreference Resolutioncited by 3
  6. 2024Significance of Chain of Thought in Gender Bias Mitigation for English-Dravidian Machine Translationcited by 2
  7. 2026Leveraging Wikidata for Geographically Informed Sociocultural Bias Dataset Creation: Application to Latin Americacited by 2
  8. 2025Social Bias in Multilingual Language Models: A Surveycited by 1
  9. 2026Dual-Metric Evaluation of Social Bias in Large Language Models: Evidence from an Underrepresented Nepali Cultural Contextcited by 1
  10. 2026Personality Shapes Gender Bias in Persona-Conditioned LLM Narratives Across English and Hindi: An Empirical Investigationcited by 1
  11. 2026Going PLACES: Participatory Localized Red Teaming for Text-to-Image Safety in the Global Southcited by 1
  12. 2025How do datasets, developers, and models affect biases in a low-resourced language?: The Case of the Bengali Languagecited by 0
5 more
  1. 2025Evaluating Machine Translation Datasets for Low-Web Data Languages: A Gendered Lenscited by 0
  2. 2026MORPHOGEN: A Multilingual Benchmark for Evaluating Gender-Aware Morphological Generationcited by 0
  3. 2026Cultural Fidelity in English-to-Hindi Translation: A Preservation-Fluency Frontier for Gender Recoverabilitycited by 0
  4. 2026Beyond Categories of Caste: Examining Caste Bias and Morality in Text-to-Image AI Modelscited by 0
  5. 2026LLMs Mirror Country-Specific Gender Patterns If Asked, but Skew Male When Generating Media in Local Languagescited by 0