Unsung Challenges of Building and Deploying Language Technologies for Low Resource Language Communities
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper, we examine and analyze the challenges associated with developing and introducing language technologies to low-resource language communities. While doing so, we bring to light the successes and failures of past work in this area, challenges being faced in doing so, and what they have achieved. Throughout this paper, we take a problem-facing approach and describe essential factors which the success of such technologies hinges upon. We present the various aspects in a manner which clarify and lay out the different tasks involved, which can aid organizations looking to make an impact in this area. We take the example of Gondi, an extremely-low resource Indian language, to reinforce and complement our discussion.
Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 7 Dec 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 3; 2023: 2; 2024: 8; 2025: 1.
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- 2024Aya Dataset: An Open-Access Collection for Multilingual Instruction Tuningcited by 177
- 2024The Multilingual Alignment Prism: Aligning Global and Local Preferences to Reduce Harmcited by 70
- 2024Goldfish: Monolingual Language Models for 350 Languagescited by 29
- 2021Predicting the Performance of Multilingual NLP Modelscited by 24
- 2021A Large-Scale Study of Machine Translation in the Turkic Languagescited by 21
- 2024From One to Many: Expanding the Scope of Toxicity Mitigation in Language Modelscited by 18
- 2024Akal Badi ya Bias: An Exploratory Study of Gender Bias in Hindi Language Technologycited by 17
- 2023Intent Identification and Entity Extraction for Healthcare Queries in Indic Languagescited by 9
- 2021Evaluating Multiway Multilingual NMT in the Turkic Languagescited by 8
- 2023First Attempt at Building Parallel Corpora for Machine Translation of Northeast India's Very Low-Resource Languagescited by 7
- 2022Assessing Digital Language Support on a Global Scalecited by 6
- 2021Designing Language Technologies for Social Good: The Road not Takencited by 5
7 more
- 2022Rethinking Round-Trip Translation for Machine Translation Evaluationcited by 4
- 2024101 Billion Arabic Words Datasetcited by 2
- 2021A Discussion on Building Practical NLP Leaderboards: The Case of Machine Translationcited by 1
- 2024EthioMT: Parallel Corpus for Low-resource Ethiopian Languagescited by 1
- 2024NushuRescue: Revitalization of the Endangered Nushu Language with AIcited by 1
- 2022Learnings from Technological Interventions in a Low Resource Language: Enhancing Information Access in Gondicited by 0
- 2025QCSE: A Pretrained Quantum Context-Sensitive Word Embedding for Natural Language Processingcited by 0
- 2025QCSE: A Pretrained Quantum Context-Sensitive Word Embedding for Natural Language Processing6 Sep 2025
- 2024NushuRescue: Revitalization of the Endangered Nushu Language with AI29 Nov 2024
- 2024Goldfish: Monolingual Language Models for 350 Languages19 Aug 2024
- 2024The Multilingual Alignment Prism: Aligning Global and Local Preferences to Reduce Harm26 Jun 2024
- 2024Akal Badi ya Bias: An Exploratory Study of Gender Bias in Hindi Language Technology10 May 2024
- 2024101 Billion Arabic Words Dataset29 Apr 2024
- 2024EthioMT: Parallel Corpus for Low-resource Ethiopian Languages28 Mar 2024
- 2024From One to Many: Expanding the Scope of Toxicity Mitigation in Language Models6 Mar 2024
- 2024Aya Dataset: An Open-Access Collection for Multilingual Instruction Tuning9 Feb 2024
- 2023First Attempt at Building Parallel Corpora for Machine Translation of Northeast India's Very Low-Resource Languages8 Dec 2023
- 2023Intent Identification and Entity Extraction for Healthcare Queries in Indic Languages19 Feb 2023
- 2022Learnings from Technological Interventions in a Low Resource Language: Enhancing Information Access in Gondi29 Nov 2022
7 more
- 2022Assessing Digital Language Support on a Global Scale27 Sep 2022
- 2022Rethinking Round-Trip Translation for Machine Translation Evaluation15 Sep 2022
- 2021Predicting the Performance of Multilingual NLP Models17 Oct 2021
- 2021Designing Language Technologies for Social Good: The Road not Taken14 Oct 2021
- 2021Evaluating Multiway Multilingual NMT in the Turkic Languages13 Sep 2021
- 2021A Large-Scale Study of Machine Translation in the Turkic Languages9 Sep 2021
- 2021A Discussion on Building Practical NLP Leaderboards: The Case of Machine Translation11 Jun 2021
- 2024Aya Dataset: An Open-Access Collection for Multilingual Instruction Tuningcited by 177
- 2024Goldfish: Monolingual Language Models for 350 Languagescited by 29
- 2021Predicting the Performance of Multilingual NLP Modelscited by 24
- 2021A Large-Scale Study of Machine Translation in the Turkic Languagescited by 21
- 2024From One to Many: Expanding the Scope of Toxicity Mitigation in Language Modelscited by 18
- 2024Akal Badi ya Bias: An Exploratory Study of Gender Bias in Hindi Language Technologycited by 17
- 2023Intent Identification and Entity Extraction for Healthcare Queries in Indic Languagescited by 9
- 2021Evaluating Multiway Multilingual NMT in the Turkic Languagescited by 8
- 2023First Attempt at Building Parallel Corpora for Machine Translation of Northeast India's Very Low-Resource Languagescited by 7
- 2022Assessing Digital Language Support on a Global Scalecited by 6
- 2021Designing Language Technologies for Social Good: The Road not Takencited by 5
- 2022Rethinking Round-Trip Translation for Machine Translation Evaluationcited by 4
12 most cited of 18 All 18 (JSON)
- 2025QCSE: A Pretrained Quantum Context-Sensitive Word Embedding for Natural Language Processing6 Sep 2025
- 2024NushuRescue: Revitalization of the Endangered Nushu Language with AI29 Nov 2024
- 2024Goldfish: Monolingual Language Models for 350 Languages19 Aug 2024
- 2024Akal Badi ya Bias: An Exploratory Study of Gender Bias in Hindi Language Technology10 May 2024
- 2024101 Billion Arabic Words Dataset29 Apr 2024
- 2024EthioMT: Parallel Corpus for Low-resource Ethiopian Languages28 Mar 2024
- 2024From One to Many: Expanding the Scope of Toxicity Mitigation in Language Models6 Mar 2024
- 2024Aya Dataset: An Open-Access Collection for Multilingual Instruction Tuning9 Feb 2024
- 2023First Attempt at Building Parallel Corpora for Machine Translation of Northeast India's Very Low-Resource Languages8 Dec 2023
- 2023Intent Identification and Entity Extraction for Healthcare Queries in Indic Languages19 Feb 2023
- 2022Learnings from Technological Interventions in a Low Resource Language: Enhancing Information Access in Gondi29 Nov 2022
- 2022Assessing Digital Language Support on a Global Scale27 Sep 2022
12 newest of 18 All 18 (JSON)