Converting Anyone's Voice: End-to-End Expressive Voice Conversion with a Conditional Diffusion Model
On the map: Diffusion models → Audio, speech and music
Abstract (arXiv)
Expressive voice conversion (VC) conducts speaker identity conversion for emotional speakers by jointly converting speaker identity and emotional style. Emotional style modeling for arbitrary speakers in expressive VC has not been extensively explored. Previous approaches have relied on vocoders for speech reconstruction, which makes speech quality heavily dependent on the performance of vocoders. A major challenge of expressive VC lies in emotion prosody modeling. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a fully end-to-end expressive VC framework based on a conditional denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM). We utilize speech units derived from self-supervised speech models as content conditioning, along with deep features extracted from speech emotion recognition and speaker verification systems to model emotional style and speaker identity. Objective and subjective evaluations show the effectiveness of our framework. Codes and samples are publicly available.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Audio, speech and music, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 38 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 May 2024.
Builds on
38 of 55 references.
Closest ancestors · 4
Same direction, newest first
- 2022FastDiff: A Fast Conditional Diffusion Model for High-Quality Speech Synthesis21 Apr
- 2021Diffusion-Based Voice Conversion with Fast Maximum Likelihood Sampling Scheme28 Sep
- 2021DiffSVC: A Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Singing Voice Conversion28 May
- 2020DiffWave: A Versatile Diffusion Model for Audio Synthesis21 Sep
Other references · 34
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
- 2020wav2vec 2.0: A Framework for Self-Supervised Learning of Speech Representationscited by 3,853
- 2021HuBERT: Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning by Masked Prediction of Hidden Unitscited by 2,301
- 2019vq-wav2vec: Self-Supervised Learning of Discrete Speech Representationscited by 335
- 2017Generalized End-to-End Loss for Speaker Verificationcited by 290
- 2022Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning: A Reviewcited by 258
- 2021Speech Resynthesis from Discrete Disentangled Self-Supervised Representationscited by 243
- 2019AUTOVC: Zero-Shot Voice Style Transfer with Only Autoencoder Losscited by 189
- 2020Seen and Unseen emotional style transfer for voice conversion with a new emotional speech datasetcited by 119
- 2021Emotional Voice Conversion: Theory, Databases and ESDcited by 113
- 2020An Overview of Voice Conversion and its Challenges: From Statistical Modeling to Deep Learningcited by 111
- 2019One-shot Voice Conversion by Separating Speaker and Content Representations with Instance Normalizationcited by 82
22 more
- 2021VQMIVC: Vector Quantization and Mutual Information-Based Unsupervised Speech Representation Disentanglement for One-shot Voice Conversioncited by 63
- 2021A Comparison of Discrete and Soft Speech Units for Improved Voice Conversioncited by 61
- 2020AGAIN-VC: A One-shot Voice Conversion using Activation Guidance and Adaptive Instance Normalizationcited by 44
- 2022Emotion Intensity and its Control for Emotional Voice Conversioncited by 35
- 2021Textless Speech Emotion Conversion using Discrete and Decomposed Representationscited by 29
- 2022Speech Synthesis with Mixed Emotionscited by 28
- 2019VQVAE Unsupervised Unit Discovery and Multi-scale Code2Spec Inverter for Zerospeech Challenge 2019cited by 25
- 2020Converting Anyone's Emotion: Towards Speaker-Independent Emotional Voice Conversioncited by 22
- 2020Any-to-One Sequence-to-Sequence Voice Conversion using Self-Supervised Discrete Speech Representationscited by 18
- 2020VAW-GAN for Disentanglement and Recomposition of Emotional Elements in Speechcited by 18
- 2023What Can an Accent Identifier Learn? Probing Phonetic and Prosodic Information in a Wav2vec2-based Accent Identification Modelcited by 18
- 2021S2VC: A Framework for Any-to-Any Voice Conversion with Self-Supervised Pretrained Representationscited by 17
- 2021Disentanglement of Emotional Style and Speaker Identity for Expressive Voice Conversioncited by 13
- 2021Expressive Voice Conversion: A Joint Framework for Speaker Identity and Emotional Style Transfercited by 10
- 2021NVC-Net: End-to-End Adversarial Voice Conversioncited by 9
- 2023Nonparallel Emotional Voice Conversion For Unseen Speaker-Emotion Pairs Using Dual Domain Adversarial Network & Virtual Domain Pairingcited by 9
- 2022Unsupervised Personalization of an Emotion Recognition System: The Unique Properties of the Externalization of Valence in Speechcited by 7
- 2021crank: An Open-Source Software for Nonparallel Voice Conversion Based on Vector-Quantized Variational Autoencodercited by 6
- 2022IQDUBBING: Prosody modeling based on discrete self-supervised speech representation for expressive voice conversioncited by 6
- 2020Spectrum and Prosody Conversion for Cross-lingual Voice Conversion with CycleGANcited by 5
- 2022FeaRLESS: Feature Refinement Loss for Ensembling Self-Supervised Learning Features in Robust End-to-end Speech Recognitioncited by 5
- 2023High-Quality Automatic Voice Over with Accurate Alignment: Supervision through Self-Supervised Discrete Speech Unitscited by 4
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1.
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- 2023DDDM-VC: Decoupled Denoising Diffusion Models with Disentangled Representation and Prior Mixup for Verified Robust Voice Conversion
- 2025AdaptVC: High Quality Voice Conversion with Adaptive Learning
- 2023EMOCONV-DIFF: Diffusion-based Speech Emotion Conversion for Non-parallel and In-the-wild Data
- 2025Emotional Face-to-Speech
- 2025REF-VC: Robust, Expressive and Fast Zero-Shot Voice Conversion with Diffusion Transformers
- 2025ClapFM-EVC: High-Fidelity and Flexible Emotional Voice Conversion with Dual Control from Natural Language and Speech
- 2023Stylebook: Content-Dependent Speaking Style Modeling for Any-to-Any Voice Conversion using Only Speech Data