Converting Anyone's Emotion: Towards Speaker-Independent Emotional Voice Conversion
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Abstract (arXiv)
Emotional voice conversion aims to convert the emotion of speech from one state to another while preserving the linguistic content and speaker identity. The prior studies on emotional voice conversion are mostly carried out under the assumption that emotion is speaker-dependent. We consider that there is a common code between speakers for emotional expression in a spoken language, therefore, a speaker-independent mapping between emotional states is possible. In this paper, we propose a speaker-independent emotional voice conversion framework, that can convert anyone's emotion without the need for parallel data. We propose a VAW-GAN based encoder-decoder structure to learn the spectrum and prosody mapping. We perform prosody conversion by using continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to model the temporal dependencies. We also investigate the use of F0 as an additional input to the decoder to improve emotion conversion performance. Experiments show that the proposed speaker-independent framework achieves competitive results for both seen and unseen speakers.
Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 13 May 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 3; 2023: 4; 2024: 5; 2025: 4; 2026: 1.
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- 2021Emotional Voice Conversion: Theory, Databases and ESDcited by 113
- 2022Emotion Intensity and its Control for Emotional Voice Conversioncited by 35
- 2023Diff-HierVC: Diffusion-based Hierarchical Voice Conversion with Robust Pitch Generation and Masked Prior for Zero-shot Speaker Adaptationcited by 30
- 2021Textless Speech Emotion Conversion using Discrete and Decomposed Representationscited by 29
- 2022Speech Synthesis with Mixed Emotionscited by 28
- 2023PromptVC: Flexible Stylistic Voice Conversion in Latent Space Driven by Natural Language Promptscited by 18
- 2021Limited Data Emotional Voice Conversion Leveraging Text-to-Speech: Two-stage Sequence-to-Sequence Trainingcited by 17
- 2023Nonparallel Emotional Voice Conversion For Unseen Speaker-Emotion Pairs Using Dual Domain Adversarial Network & Virtual Domain Pairingcited by 9
- 2024DurFlex-EVC: Duration-Flexible Emotional Voice Conversion Leveraging Discrete Representations without Text Alignmentcited by 8
- 2024Emotional Dimension Control in Language Model-Based Text-to-Speech: Spanning a Broad Spectrum of Human Emotionscited by 8
- 2021An Improved StarGAN for Emotional Voice Conversion: Enhancing Voice Quality and Data Augmentationcited by 7
- 2024A Review of Human Emotion Synthesis Based on Generative Technologycited by 7
10 more
- 2022An Overview & Analysis of Sequence-to-Sequence Emotional Voice Conversioncited by 6
- 2021Towards end-to-end F0 voice conversion based on Dual-GAN with convolutional wavelet kernelscited by 3
- 2023Attention-based Interactive Disentangling Network for Instance-level Emotional Voice Conversioncited by 3
- 2024Phonetic Enhanced Language Modeling for Text-to-Speech Synthesiscited by 2
- 2025Generative Adversarial Network based Voice Conversion: Techniques, Challenges, and Recent Advancementscited by 2
- 2025NaturalVoices: A Large-Scale, Spontaneous and Emotional Podcast Dataset for Voice Conversioncited by 2
- 2024Converting Anyone's Voice: End-to-End Expressive Voice Conversion with a Conditional Diffusion Modelcited by 1
- 2025Maestro-EVC: Controllable Emotional Voice Conversion Guided by References and Explicit Prosodycited by 1
- 2025Towards Emotionally Consistent Text-Based Speech Editing: Introducing EmoCorrector and The ECD-TSE Datasetcited by 0
- 2026Phoneme-Level Deepfake Detection Across Emotional Conditions Using Self-Supervised Embeddingscited by 0
- 2026Phoneme-Level Deepfake Detection Across Emotional Conditions Using Self-Supervised Embeddings4 May 2026
- 2025NaturalVoices: A Large-Scale, Spontaneous and Emotional Podcast Dataset for Voice Conversion31 Oct 2025
- 2025Maestro-EVC: Controllable Emotional Voice Conversion Guided by References and Explicit Prosody9 Aug 2025
- 2025Towards Emotionally Consistent Text-Based Speech Editing: Introducing EmoCorrector and The ECD-TSE Dataset24 May 2025
- 2025Generative Adversarial Network based Voice Conversion: Techniques, Challenges, and Recent Advancements27 Apr 2025
- 2024A Review of Human Emotion Synthesis Based on Generative Technology10 Dec 2024
- 2024Emotional Dimension Control in Language Model-Based Text-to-Speech: Spanning a Broad Spectrum of Human Emotions25 Sep 2024
- 2024Phonetic Enhanced Language Modeling for Text-to-Speech Synthesis4 Jun 2024
- 2024Converting Anyone's Voice: End-to-End Expressive Voice Conversion with a Conditional Diffusion Model2 May 2024
- 2024DurFlex-EVC: Duration-Flexible Emotional Voice Conversion Leveraging Discrete Representations without Text Alignment16 Jan 2024
- 2023Attention-based Interactive Disentangling Network for Instance-level Emotional Voice Conversion29 Dec 2023
- 2023Diff-HierVC: Diffusion-based Hierarchical Voice Conversion with Robust Pitch Generation and Masked Prior for Zero-shot Speaker Adaptation8 Nov 2023
10 more
- 2023PromptVC: Flexible Stylistic Voice Conversion in Latent Space Driven by Natural Language Prompts17 Sep 2023
- 2023Nonparallel Emotional Voice Conversion For Unseen Speaker-Emotion Pairs Using Dual Domain Adversarial Network & Virtual Domain Pairing21 Feb 2023
- 2022Speech Synthesis with Mixed Emotions11 Aug 2022
- 2022An Overview & Analysis of Sequence-to-Sequence Emotional Voice Conversion29 Mar 2022
- 2022Emotion Intensity and its Control for Emotional Voice Conversion10 Jan 2022
- 2021Textless Speech Emotion Conversion using Discrete and Decomposed Representations14 Nov 2021
- 2021An Improved StarGAN for Emotional Voice Conversion: Enhancing Voice Quality and Data Augmentation18 Jul 2021
- 2021Emotional Voice Conversion: Theory, Databases and ESD31 May 2021
- 2021Towards end-to-end F0 voice conversion based on Dual-GAN with convolutional wavelet kernels15 Apr 2021
- 2021Limited Data Emotional Voice Conversion Leveraging Text-to-Speech: Two-stage Sequence-to-Sequence Training31 Mar 2021
- 2023Diff-HierVC: Diffusion-based Hierarchical Voice Conversion with Robust Pitch Generation and Masked Prior for Zero-shot Speaker Adaptationcited by 30
- 2023PromptVC: Flexible Stylistic Voice Conversion in Latent Space Driven by Natural Language Promptscited by 18
- 2024Converting Anyone's Voice: End-to-End Expressive Voice Conversion with a Conditional Diffusion Modelcited by 1
- 2024Converting Anyone's Voice: End-to-End Expressive Voice Conversion with a Conditional Diffusion Model2 May 2024
- 2023Diff-HierVC: Diffusion-based Hierarchical Voice Conversion with Robust Pitch Generation and Masked Prior for Zero-shot Speaker Adaptation8 Nov 2023
- 2023PromptVC: Flexible Stylistic Voice Conversion in Latent Space Driven by Natural Language Prompts17 Sep 2023
- 2021Emotional Voice Conversion: Theory, Databases and ESDcited by 113
- 2022Emotion Intensity and its Control for Emotional Voice Conversioncited by 35
- 2021Textless Speech Emotion Conversion using Discrete and Decomposed Representationscited by 29
- 2022Speech Synthesis with Mixed Emotionscited by 28
- 2021Limited Data Emotional Voice Conversion Leveraging Text-to-Speech: Two-stage Sequence-to-Sequence Trainingcited by 17
- 2023Nonparallel Emotional Voice Conversion For Unseen Speaker-Emotion Pairs Using Dual Domain Adversarial Network & Virtual Domain Pairingcited by 9
- 2024DurFlex-EVC: Duration-Flexible Emotional Voice Conversion Leveraging Discrete Representations without Text Alignmentcited by 8
- 2024Emotional Dimension Control in Language Model-Based Text-to-Speech: Spanning a Broad Spectrum of Human Emotionscited by 8
- 2021An Improved StarGAN for Emotional Voice Conversion: Enhancing Voice Quality and Data Augmentationcited by 7
- 2024A Review of Human Emotion Synthesis Based on Generative Technologycited by 7
- 2022An Overview & Analysis of Sequence-to-Sequence Emotional Voice Conversioncited by 6
- 2021Towards end-to-end F0 voice conversion based on Dual-GAN with convolutional wavelet kernelscited by 3
12 most cited of 19 All 19 (JSON)
- 2026Phoneme-Level Deepfake Detection Across Emotional Conditions Using Self-Supervised Embeddings4 May 2026
- 2025NaturalVoices: A Large-Scale, Spontaneous and Emotional Podcast Dataset for Voice Conversion31 Oct 2025
- 2025Maestro-EVC: Controllable Emotional Voice Conversion Guided by References and Explicit Prosody9 Aug 2025
- 2025Towards Emotionally Consistent Text-Based Speech Editing: Introducing EmoCorrector and The ECD-TSE Dataset24 May 2025
- 2025Generative Adversarial Network based Voice Conversion: Techniques, Challenges, and Recent Advancements27 Apr 2025
- 2024A Review of Human Emotion Synthesis Based on Generative Technology10 Dec 2024
- 2024Emotional Dimension Control in Language Model-Based Text-to-Speech: Spanning a Broad Spectrum of Human Emotions25 Sep 2024
- 2024Phonetic Enhanced Language Modeling for Text-to-Speech Synthesis4 Jun 2024
- 2024DurFlex-EVC: Duration-Flexible Emotional Voice Conversion Leveraging Discrete Representations without Text Alignment16 Jan 2024
- 2023Attention-based Interactive Disentangling Network for Instance-level Emotional Voice Conversion29 Dec 2023
- 2023Nonparallel Emotional Voice Conversion For Unseen Speaker-Emotion Pairs Using Dual Domain Adversarial Network & Virtual Domain Pairing21 Feb 2023
- 2022Speech Synthesis with Mixed Emotions11 Aug 2022
12 newest of 19 All 19 (JSON)