mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

A User-Centric Multi-Intent Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models

arXiv 2404.13940 ↗First posted 22 Apr 2024cs.CLcited by 15

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Abstract (arXiv)

Large language models (LLMs) are essential tools that users employ across various scenarios, so evaluating their performance and guiding users in selecting the suitable service is important. Although many benchmarks exist, they mainly focus on specific predefined model abilities, such as world knowledge, reasoning, etc. Based on these ability scores, it is hard for users to determine which LLM best suits their particular needs. To address these issues, we propose to evaluate LLMs from a user-centric perspective and design this benchmark to measure their efficacy in satisfying user needs under distinct intents. Firstly, we collect 1,846 real-world use cases from a user study with 712 participants from 23 countries. This first-hand data helps us understand actual user intents and needs in LLM interactions, forming the User Reported Scenarios (URS) dataset, which is categorized with six types of user intents. Secondly, based on this authentic dataset, we benchmark 10 LLM services with GPT-4-as-Judge. Thirdly, we show that benchmark scores align well with human preference in both real-world experience and pair-wise annotations, achieving Pearson correlations of 0.95 and 0.94, respectively. This alignment confirms that the URS dataset and our evaluation method establish an effective user-centric benchmark. The dataset, code, and process data are available at https://github.com/Alice1998/URS.

Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Apr 2024.

Builds on

28 of 43 references.

References · 28

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  2. 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 10,109
  3. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,626
  4. 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,320
  5. 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,963
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16 more
  1. 2023ToolLLM: Facilitating Large Language Models to Master 16000+ Real-world APIscited by 1,947
  2. 2022Challenging BIG-Bench Tasks and Whether Chain-of-Thought Can Solve Themcited by 1,807
  3. 2024Chatbot Arena: An Open Platform for Evaluating LLMs by Human Preferencecited by 1,184
  4. 2024OlympiadBench: A Challenging Benchmark for Promoting AGI with Olympiad-Level Bilingual Multimodal Scientific Problemscited by 1,136
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  9. 2024MT-Bench-101: A Fine-Grained Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models in Multi-Turn Dialoguescited by 250
  10. 2023Evaluation Metrics in the Era of GPT-4: Reliably Evaluating Large Language Models on Sequence to Sequence Taskscited by 53
  11. 2023Using Large Language Models to Generate, Validate, and Apply User Intent Taxonomiescited by 34
  12. 2024PRE: A Peer Review Based Large Language Model Evaluatorcited by 28
  13. 2024UltraEval: A Lightweight Platform for Flexible and Comprehensive Evaluation for LLMscited by 24
  14. 2024User Intent Recognition and Satisfaction with Large Language Models: A User Study with ChatGPTcited by 19
  15. 2023InterroLang: Exploring NLP Models and Datasets through Dialogue-based Explanationscited by 11
  16. 2023TencentLLMEval: A Hierarchical Evaluation of Real-World Capabilities for Human-Aligned LLMscited by 5

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Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 11; 2026: 3.

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