Investigating Bias in LLM-Based Bias Detection: Disparities between LLMs and Human Perception
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Abstract (arXiv)
The pervasive spread of misinformation and disinformation in social media underscores the critical importance of detecting media bias. While robust Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as foundational tools for bias prediction, concerns about inherent biases within these models persist. In this work, we investigate the presence and nature of bias within LLMs and its consequential impact on media bias detection. Departing from conventional approaches that focus solely on bias detection in media content, we delve into biases within the LLM systems themselves. Through meticulous examination, we probe whether LLMs exhibit biases, particularly in political bias prediction and text continuation tasks. Additionally, we explore bias across diverse topics, aiming to uncover nuanced variations in bias expression within the LLM framework. Importantly, we propose debiasing strategies, including prompt engineering and model fine-tuning. Extensive analysis of bias tendencies across different LLMs sheds light on the broader landscape of bias propagation in language models. This study advances our understanding of LLM bias, offering critical insights into its implications for bias detection tasks and paving the way for more robust and equitable AI systems
Key facts. Cited by 55 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 22 Mar 2024.
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 11; 2025: 23; 2026: 21.
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- 2024Large Language Model-Brained GUI Agents: A Surveycited by 160
- 2024When Search Engine Services meet Large Language Models: Visions and Challengescited by 59
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- 2024Quantifying Generative Media Bias with a Corpus of Real-world and Generated News Articlescited by 9
- 2025Don't Get Too Excited -- Eliciting Emotions in LLMscited by 9
- 2024Risks, Causes, and Mitigations of Widespread Deployments of Large Language Models (LLMs): A Surveycited by 8
- 2025Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMscited by 8
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- 2025Neutralizing the Narrative: AI-Powered Debiasing of Online News Articlescited by 4
- 2025BiasGuard: A Reasoning-enhanced Bias Detection Tool For Large Language Modelscited by 4
- 2025ThinkEval: Practical Evaluation of Knowledge Leakage in LLM Editing using Thought-based Knowledge Graphscited by 4
- 2025Bias after Prompting: Persistent Discrimination in Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2026Who Gets Which Message? Auditing Demographic Bias in LLM-Generated Targeted Textcited by 3
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- 2024How Privacy-Savvy Are Large Language Models? A Case Study on Compliance and Privacy Technical Reviewcited by 2
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- 2024Towards Safer Online Spaces: Simulating and Assessing Intervention Strategies for Eating Disorder Discussionscited by 1
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- 2025Relative Bias: A Comparative Framework for Quantifying Bias in LLMscited by 1
- 2025Ideology-Based LLMs for Content Moderationcited by 1
- 2025Evaluating Implicit Biases in LLM Reasoning through Logic Grid Puzzlescited by 1
- 2026CLaRE-ty Amid Chaos: Quantifying Representational Entanglement to Predict Ripple Effects in LLM Editingcited by 1
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- 2025The Right to Be Remembered: Preserving Maximally Truthful Digital Memory in the Age of AIcited by 0
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50 most cited of 55 All 55 (JSON)
- 2026Reference-Based Bias Detection in LLMs via Relative Representations of Hidden States9 Sep 2026
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- 2026Benevolent Bias in Multi-Turn Human-Agent Dialogue29 Aug 2026
- 2026GuardianBench: A Same-Scene Instruction-Contrastive Benchmark for Latent Contextual Risk in Embodied AI22 Aug 2026
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- 2026From Plausible to Actionable: A Position on LLM Self-Explanations17 Jul 2026
- 2026Whose fairness? Structural concentration in AI bias research6 Jul 2026
- 2026Evaluating Second-Order Bias of LLMs Through Epistemic Entitlement16 Jun 2026
- 2026KG-FairDiff: Knowledge Graph-Guided Prompt Refinement for Demographically Fair Text-to-Image Generation31 May 2026
- 2026AI-Model Network: Concept, Current State and Future25 May 2026
- 2026Language Ideologies in a Multilingual Society: An LLM-based Analysis of Luxembourgish News Comments30 Apr 2026
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38 more
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- 2026Quantifying Trust: Financial Risk Management for Trustworthy AI Agents5 Apr 2026
- 2026Analysis Of Linguistic Stereotypes in Single and Multi-Agent Generative AI Architectures19 Mar 2026
- 2026CLaRE-ty Amid Chaos: Quantifying Representational Entanglement to Predict Ripple Effects in LLM Editing11 Mar 2026
- 2026Mind the Gap in Cultural Alignment: Task-Aware Culture Management for Large Language Models25 Feb 2026
- 2026Map of Encoders -- Mapping Sentence Encoders using Quantum Relative Entropy9 Feb 2026
- 2026Large Language Model Reasoning Failures5 Feb 2026
- 2026Who Gets Which Message? Auditing Demographic Bias in LLM-Generated Targeted Text23 Jan 2026
- 2026Measuring Political Stance and Consistency in Large Language Models15 Jan 2026
- 2025Textual Data Bias Detection and Mitigation -- An Extensible Pipeline with Experimental Evaluation11 Dec 2025
- 2025Gender Bias in Emotion Recognition by Large Language Models24 Nov 2025
- 2025Evaluating Implicit Biases in LLM Reasoning through Logic Grid Puzzles8 Nov 2025
- 2025How Similar Are Grokipedia and Wikipedia? A Multi-Dimensional Textual and Structural Comparison30 Oct 2025
- 2025Ideology-Based LLMs for Content Moderation29 Oct 2025
- 2025The Right to Be Remembered: Preserving Maximally Truthful Digital Memory in the Age of AI17 Oct 2025
- 2025Automatic Fact-checking in English and Telugu30 Sep 2025
- 2025AesBiasBench: Evaluating Bias and Alignment in Multimodal Language Models for Personalized Image Aesthetic Assessment15 Sep 2025
- 2025Bias after Prompting: Persistent Discrimination in Large Language Models9 Sep 2025
- 2025Counterspeech for Mitigating the Influence of Media Bias: Comparing Human and LLM-Generated Responses20 Aug 2025
- 2025BIPOLAR: Polarization-based granular framework for LLM bias evaluation14 Aug 2025
- 2025Bias Amplification in RAG: Poisoning Knowledge Retrieval to Steer LLMs13 Jun 2025
- 2025Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language models7 Jun 2025
- 2025ThinkEval: Practical Evaluation of Knowledge Leakage in LLM Editing using Thought-based Knowledge Graphs2 Jun 2025
- 2025Multi-agent Systems for Misinformation Lifecycle : Detection, Correction And Source Identification23 May 2025
- 2025Relative Bias: A Comparative Framework for Quantifying Bias in LLMs22 May 2025
- 2025BiasGuard: A Reasoning-enhanced Bias Detection Tool For Large Language Models30 Apr 2025
- 2025Enhancing Critical Thinking with AI: A Tailored Warning System for RAG Models23 Apr 2025
- 2025Neutralizing the Narrative: AI-Powered Debiasing of Online News Articles4 Apr 2025
- 2025Through the LLM Looking Glass: A Socratic Probing of Donkeys, Elephants, and Markets20 Mar 2025
- 2025Don't Get Too Excited -- Eliciting Emotions in LLMs4 Mar 2025
- 2025SafeDialBench: A Fine-Grained Safety Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models in Multi-Turn Dialogues with Diverse Jailbreak Attacks16 Feb 2025
- 2025Integrating LLMs with ITS: Recent Advances, Potentials, Challenges, and Future Directions8 Jan 2025
- 2024Large Language Model-Brained GUI Agents: A Survey27 Nov 2024
- 2024Who Speaks Matters: Analysing the Influence of the Speaker's Ethnicity on Hate Classification27 Oct 2024
- 2024Bias Similarity Measurement: A Black-Box Audit of Fairness Across LLMs15 Oct 2024
- 2024Post-hoc Study of Climate Microtargeting on Social Media Ads with LLMs: Thematic Insights and Fairness Evaluation7 Oct 2024
- 2024A Comprehensive Survey of Bias in LLMs: Current Landscape and Future Directions24 Sep 2024
- 2024Towards Safer Online Spaces: Simulating and Assessing Intervention Strategies for Eating Disorder Discussions6 Sep 2024
50 newest of 55 All 55 (JSON)
- 2024Large Language Model-Brained GUI Agents: A Surveycited by 160
- 2025Multi-agent Systems for Misinformation Lifecycle : Detection, Correction And Source Identificationcited by 2
- 2026Analysis Of Linguistic Stereotypes in Single and Multi-Agent Generative AI Architecturescited by 0
- 2026Benevolent Bias in Multi-Turn Human-Agent Dialoguecited by 0
- 2026MABPD: Multi-Agent Bias Probing & Detection via Structured Argument Debatecited by 0
- 2026MABPD: Multi-Agent Bias Probing & Detection via Structured Argument Debate4 Sep 2026
- 2026Benevolent Bias in Multi-Turn Human-Agent Dialogue29 Aug 2026
- 2026Analysis Of Linguistic Stereotypes in Single and Multi-Agent Generative AI Architectures19 Mar 2026
- 2025Multi-agent Systems for Misinformation Lifecycle : Detection, Correction And Source Identification23 May 2025
- 2024Large Language Model-Brained GUI Agents: A Survey27 Nov 2024
- 2026Large Language Model Reasoning Failurescited by 20
- 2025BiasGuard: A Reasoning-enhanced Bias Detection Tool For Large Language Modelscited by 4
- 2025ThinkEval: Practical Evaluation of Knowledge Leakage in LLM Editing using Thought-based Knowledge Graphscited by 4
- 2025Evaluating Implicit Biases in LLM Reasoning through Logic Grid Puzzlescited by 1
- 2025Enhancing Critical Thinking with AI: A Tailored Warning System for RAG Modelscited by 0
- 2026Large Language Model Reasoning Failures5 Feb 2026
- 2025Evaluating Implicit Biases in LLM Reasoning through Logic Grid Puzzles8 Nov 2025
- 2025ThinkEval: Practical Evaluation of Knowledge Leakage in LLM Editing using Thought-based Knowledge Graphs2 Jun 2025
- 2025BiasGuard: A Reasoning-enhanced Bias Detection Tool For Large Language Models30 Apr 2025
- 2025Enhancing Critical Thinking with AI: A Tailored Warning System for RAG Models23 Apr 2025
- 2024When Search Engine Services meet Large Language Models: Visions and Challengescited by 59
- 2024A Comprehensive Survey of Bias in LLMs: Current Landscape and Future Directionscited by 27
- 2025Integrating LLMs with ITS: Recent Advances, Potentials, Challenges, and Future Directionscited by 23
- 2024Quantifying Generative Media Bias with a Corpus of Real-world and Generated News Articlescited by 9
- 2025Don't Get Too Excited -- Eliciting Emotions in LLMscited by 9
- 2024Risks, Causes, and Mitigations of Widespread Deployments of Large Language Models (LLMs): A Surveycited by 8
- 2026Quantifying Trust: Financial Risk Management for Trustworthy AI Agentscited by 8
- 2025Geopolitical biases in LLMs: what are the "good" and the "bad" countries according to contemporary language modelscited by 5
- 2024Post-hoc Study of Climate Microtargeting on Social Media Ads with LLMs: Thematic Insights and Fairness Evaluationcited by 4
- 2025Neutralizing the Narrative: AI-Powered Debiasing of Online News Articlescited by 4
- 2025Bias after Prompting: Persistent Discrimination in Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2026Who Gets Which Message? Auditing Demographic Bias in LLM-Generated Targeted Textcited by 3
12 most cited of 41 All 41 (JSON)
- 2026Reference-Based Bias Detection in LLMs via Relative Representations of Hidden States9 Sep 2026
- 2026GuardianBench: A Same-Scene Instruction-Contrastive Benchmark for Latent Contextual Risk in Embodied AI22 Aug 2026
- 2026Structuring the Space of Perspectives12 Aug 2026
- 2026From Plausible to Actionable: A Position on LLM Self-Explanations17 Jul 2026
- 2026Whose fairness? Structural concentration in AI bias research6 Jul 2026
- 2026Evaluating Second-Order Bias of LLMs Through Epistemic Entitlement16 Jun 2026
- 2026KG-FairDiff: Knowledge Graph-Guided Prompt Refinement for Demographically Fair Text-to-Image Generation31 May 2026
- 2026AI-Model Network: Concept, Current State and Future25 May 2026
- 2026Language Ideologies in a Multilingual Society: An LLM-based Analysis of Luxembourgish News Comments30 Apr 2026
- 2026Ethics Testing: Proactive Identification of Generative AI System Harms23 Apr 2026
- 2026Counting Worlds Branching Time Semantics for post-hoc Bias Mitigation in generative AI21 Apr 2026
- 2026Quantifying Trust: Financial Risk Management for Trustworthy AI Agents5 Apr 2026
12 newest of 41 All 41 (JSON)