mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Measuring Political Stance and Consistency in Large Language Models

arXiv 2601.17016 ↗First posted 15 Jan 2026cs.CY cs.AIcited by 0

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

With the incredible advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), many people have started using them to satisfy their information needs. However, utilizing LLMs might be problematic for political issues where disagreement is common and model outputs may reflect training-data biases or deliberate alignment choices. To better characterize such behavior, we assess the stances of nine LLMs on 24 politically sensitive issues using five prompting techniques. We find that models often adopt opposing stances on several issues; some positions are malleable under prompting, while others remain stable. Among the models examined, Grok-3-mini is the most persistent, whereas Mistral-7B is the least. For issues involving countries with different languages, models tend to support the side whose language is used in the prompt. Notably, no prompting technique alters model stances on the Qatar blockade or the oppression of Palestinians. We hope these findings raise user awareness when seeking political guidance from LLMs and encourage developers to address these concerns.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 16 of its 21 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Jan 2026.

Builds on

16 of 21 references.

References · 16

  1. 2023The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientationcited by 183
  2. 2023Do LLMs exhibit human-like response biases? A case study in survey designcited by 176
  3. 2024Political Compass or Spinning Arrow? Towards More Meaningful Evaluations for Values and Opinions in Large Language Modelscited by 162
  4. 2024Measuring Political Bias in Large Language Models: What Is Said and How It Is Saidcited by 89
  5. 2024The Political Preferences of LLMscited by 83
  6. 2024Hidden Persuaders: LLMs' Political Leaning and Their Influence on Voterscited by 71
  7. 2024Investigating Bias in LLM-Based Bias Detection: Disparities between LLMs and Human Perceptioncited by 55
  8. 2024Assessing Political Bias in Large Language Modelscited by 32
  9. 2024A Comprehensive Survey of Bias in LLMs: Current Landscape and Future Directionscited by 27
  10. 2024PoliTune: Analyzing the Impact of Data Selection and Fine-Tuning on Economic and Political Biases in Large Language Modelscited by 11
  11. 2024Whose Side Are You On? Investigating the Political Stance of Large Language Modelscited by 10
  12. 2024Multi-OphthaLingua: A Multilingual Benchmark for Assessing and Debiasing LLM Ophthalmological QA in LMICscited by 10
4 more
  1. 2024A Large-Scale Simulation on Large Language Models for Decision-Making in Political Sciencecited by 9
  2. 2023In Generative AI we Trust: Can Chatbots Effectively Verify Political Information?cited by 6
  3. 2023Exploring the Jungle of Bias: Political Bias Attribution in Language Models via Dependency Analysiscited by 3
  4. 2025Language-Dependent Political Bias in AI: A Study of ChatGPT and Geminicited by 2

Built on by

Not cited yet.