mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

GeRM: A Generalist Robotic Model with Mixture-of-experts for Quadruped Robot

arXiv 2403.13358 ↗First posted 20 Mar 2024cs.RO cs.CV cs.LGcited by 28

On the map: Mixture-of-experts → MoE in reinforcement learning and robotics

Abstract (arXiv)

Multi-task robot learning holds significant importance in tackling diverse and complex scenarios. However, current approaches are hindered by performance issues and difficulties in collecting training datasets. In this paper, we propose GeRM (Generalist Robotic Model). We utilize offline reinforcement learning to optimize data utilization strategies to learn from both demonstrations and sub-optimal data, thus surpassing the limitations of human demonstrations. Thereafter, we employ a transformer-based VLA network to process multi-modal inputs and output actions. By introducing the Mixture-of-Experts structure, GeRM allows faster inference speed with higher whole model capacity, and thus resolves the issue of limited RL parameters, enhancing model performance in multi-task learning while controlling computational costs. Through a series of experiments, we demonstrate that GeRM outperforms other methods across all tasks, while also validating its efficiency in both training and inference processes. Additionally, we uncover its potential to acquire emergent skills. Additionally, we contribute the QUARD-Auto dataset, collected automatically to support our training approach and foster advancements in multi-task quadruped robot learning. This work presents a new paradigm for reducing the cost of collecting robot data and driving progress in the multi-task learning community. You can reach our project and video through the link: https://songwxuan.github.io/GeRM/ .

Key facts. Cited by 28 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in MoE in reinforcement learning and robotics, one of 12 directions in Mixture-of-experts. Builds on 48 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Mar 2024.

Builds on

48 of 62 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024Mixtures of Experts Unlock Parameter Scaling for Deep RL13 Feb

Other references · 47

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  3. 2017Outrageously Large Neural Networks: The Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts Layercited by 3,413
  4. 2021Switch Transformers: Scaling to Trillion Parameter Models with Simple and Efficient Sparsitycited by 3,014
  5. 2023RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Controlcited by 2,993
  6. 2017FiLM: Visual Reasoning with a General Conditioning Layercited by 2,286
  7. 2022RT-1: Robotics Transformer for Real-World Control at Scalecited by 2,007
  8. 2024Mixtral of Expertscited by 1,785
  9. 2020Conservative Q-Learning for Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,777
  10. 2020GShard: Scaling Giant Models with Conditional Computation and Automatic Shardingcited by 1,601
  11. 2021Offline Reinforcement Learning with Implicit Q-Learningcited by 1,245
  12. 2021GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Expertscited by 890
35 more
  1. 2021A Minimalist Approach to Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 882
  2. 2021Isaac Gym: High Performance GPU-Based Physics Simulation For Robot Learningcited by 882
  3. 2023Open X-Embodiment: Robotic Learning Datasets and RT-X Modelscited by 849
  4. 2024DeepSeekMoE: Towards Ultimate Expert Specialization in Mixture-of-Experts Language Modelscited by 834
  5. 2022A Generalist Agentcited by 802
  6. 2019Advantage-Weighted Regression: Simple and Scalable Off-Policy Reinforcement Learningcited by 750
  7. 2022R3M: A Universal Visual Representation for Robot Manipulationcited by 678
  8. 2019Behavior Regularized Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 654
  9. 2023BridgeData V2: A Dataset for Robot Learning at Scalecited by 634
  10. 2021CLIPort: What and Where Pathways for Robotic Manipulationcited by 617
  11. 2022Mixture-of-Experts with Expert Choice Routingcited by 611
  12. 2021CALVIN: A Benchmark for Language-Conditioned Policy Learning for Long-Horizon Robot Manipulation Taskscited by 564
  13. 2017Deep Learning Scaling is Predictable, Empiricallycited by 556
  14. 2020Learning Quadrupedal Locomotion over Challenging Terraincited by 494
  15. 2018Universal Sentence Encodercited by 485
  16. 2023Vision-Language Foundation Models as Effective Robot Imitatorscited by 344
  17. 2019Way Off-Policy Batch Deep Reinforcement Learning of Implicit Human Preferences in Dialogcited by 283
  18. 2021Bridge Data: Boosting Generalization of Robotic Skills with Cross-Domain Datasetscited by 248
  19. 2021MT-Opt: Continuous Multi-Task Robotic Reinforcement Learning at Scalecited by 226
  20. 2020Keep Doing What Worked: Behavioral Modelling Priors for Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 213
  21. 2023RoboAgent: Generalization and Efficiency in Robot Manipulation via Semantic Augmentations and Action Chunkingcited by 167
  22. 2023Q-Transformer: Scalable Offline Reinforcement Learning via Autoregressive Q-Functionscited by 129
  23. 2022Socially Compliant Navigation Dataset (SCAND): A Large-Scale Dataset of Demonstrations for Social Navigationcited by 122
  24. 2022Walk These Ways: Tuning Robot Control for Generalization with Multiplicity of Behaviorcited by 113
  25. 2021Generalized Decision Transformer for Offline Hindsight Information Matchingcited by 105
  26. 2021Beyond Distillation: Task-level Mixture-of-Experts for Efficient Inferencecited by 96
  27. 2019BAIL: Best-Action Imitation Learning for Batch Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 90
  28. 2023Large Language Models as Generalizable Policies for Embodied Taskscited by 86
  29. 2022Pre-Training for Robots: Offline RL Enables Learning New Tasks from a Handful of Trialscited by 78
  30. 2021Learning Vision-Guided Quadrupedal Locomotion End-to-End with Cross-Modal Transformerscited by 71
  31. 2024LLM3:Large Language Model-based Task and Motion Planning with Motion Failure Reasoningcited by 63
  32. 2023QUAR-VLA: Vision-Language-Action Model for Quadruped Robotscited by 55
  33. 2023Learning Whole-body Manipulation for Quadrupedal Robotcited by 20
  34. 2022ViNL: Visual Navigation and Locomotion Over Obstaclescited by 19
  35. 2022Robust Imitation Learning from Corrupted Demonstrationscited by 10

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 7; 2025: 13; 2026: 8.

28 papers.

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  1. 2025Spatial Forcing: Implicit Spatial Representation Alignment for Vision-language-action Modelcited by 125
  2. 2025PD-VLA: Accelerating Vision-Language-Action Model Integrated with Action Chunking via Parallel Decodingcited by 88
  3. 2025ReconVLA: Reconstructive Vision-Language-Action Model as Effective Robot Perceivercited by 80
  4. 2024Sparse Diffusion Policy: A Sparse, Reusable, and Flexible Policy for Robot Learningcited by 56
  5. 2025Long-VLA: Unleashing Long-Horizon Capability of Vision Language Action Model for Robot Manipulationcited by 48
  6. 2026World Action Models: The Next Frontier in Embodied AIcited by 46
  7. 2024Towards Generalist Robot Learning from Internet Video: A Surveycited by 40
  8. 2025CEED-VLA: Consistency Vision-Language-Action Model with Early-Exit Decodingcited by 38
  9. 2025Unified Diffusion VLA: Vision-Language-Action Model via Joint Discrete Denoising Diffusion Processcited by 37
  10. 2024One Policy to Run Them All: an End-to-end Learning Approach to Multi-Embodiment Locomotioncited by 34
  11. 2025A Survey on Efficient Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 34
  12. 2025MoRE: Unlocking Scalability in Reinforcement Learning for Quadruped Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 27
16 more
  1. 2024CARP: Visuomotor Policy Learning via Coarse-to-Fine Autoregressive Predictioncited by 26
  2. 2024Score and Distribution Matching Policy: Advanced Accelerated Visuomotor Policies via Matched Distillationcited by 12
  3. 2025Towards Embodiment Scaling Laws in Robot Locomotioncited by 12
  4. 2025RationalVLA: A Rational Vision-Language-Action Model with Dual Systemcited by 12
  5. 2024UniAff: A Unified Representation of Affordances for Tool Usage and Articulation with Vision-Language Modelscited by 6
  6. 2025A Knowledge-Driven Diffusion Policy for End-to-End Autonomous Driving Based on Expert Routingcited by 5
  7. 2024HBTP: Heuristic Behavior Tree Planning with Large Language Model Reasoningcited by 3
  8. 2025Generative Large-Scale Pre-trained Models for Automated Ad Bidding Optimizationcited by 3
  9. 2025VLA^2: Empowering Vision-Language-Action Models with an Agentic Framework for Unseen Concept Manipulationcited by 3
  10. 2026Supervised Mixture-of-Experts for Surgical Grasping and Retractioncited by 2
  11. 2026Trust Your Instincts: Confidence-Driven Test-Time RL for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 1
  12. 2026MobileVLA-R1 2.0: RL-Enhanced Reasoning for Mobile Robot Controlcited by 1
  13. 2026RTFDNet: Fusion-Decoupling for Robust RGB-T Segmentationcited by 0
  14. 2026Factor-Aware Mixture-of-Experts with Pretrained Encoder for Combinatorial Generalizationcited by 0
  15. 2026FlashDrive: Flash Vision-Language-Action Inference for Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
  16. 2026RECAST: Recasting Vision-Language Semantics into an Actionable Cost Map for Robot Navigationcited by 0

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  4. 2021Robot Skill Adaptation via Soft Actor-Critic Gaussian Mixture Models
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