MoRE: Unlocking Scalability in Reinforcement Learning for Quadruped Vision-Language-Action Models
On the map: Vision-language-action models → Reinforcement learning and post-training
Abstract (arXiv)
Developing versatile quadruped robots that can smoothly perform various actions and tasks in real-world environments remains a significant challenge. This paper introduces a novel vision-language-action (VLA) model, mixture of robotic experts (MoRE), for quadruped robots that aim to introduce reinforcement learning (RL) for fine-tuning large-scale VLA models with a large amount of mixed-quality data. MoRE integrates multiple low-rank adaptation modules as distinct experts within a dense multi-modal large language model (MLLM), forming a sparse-activated mixture-of-experts model. This design enables the model to effectively adapt to a wide array of downstream tasks. Moreover, we employ a reinforcement learning-based training objective to train our model as a Q-function after deeply exploring the structural properties of our tasks. Effective learning from automatically collected mixed-quality data enhances data efficiency and model performance. Extensive experiments demonstrate that MoRE outperforms all baselines across six different skills and exhibits superior generalization capabilities in out-of-distribution scenarios. We further validate our method in real-world scenarios, confirming the practicality of our approach and laying a solid foundation for future research on multi-task learning in quadruped robots.
Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reinforcement learning and post-training, one of 13 directions in Vision-language-action models. Builds on 36 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Mar 2025.
Builds on
36 of 39 references.
References · 36
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- 2021Isaac Gym: High Performance GPU-Based Physics Simulation For Robot Learningcited by 882
- 2023LISA: Reasoning Segmentation via Large Language Modelcited by 770
- 2023Vision-Language Foundation Models as Effective Robot Imitatorscited by 344
- 2024MoE-LLaVA: Mixture of Experts for Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 298
- 2023Where are we in the search for an Artificial Visual Cortex for Embodied Intelligence?cited by 215
- 2024MixLoRA: Enhancing Large Language Models Fine-Tuning with LoRA-based Mixture of Expertscited by 144
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- 2024Cobra: Extending Mamba to Multi-Modal Large Language Model for Efficient Inferencecited by 97
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- 2024LLaVA-MoLE: Sparse Mixture of LoRA Experts for Mitigating Data Conflicts in Instruction Finetuning MLLMscited by 84
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 21; 2026: 6.
27 papers.
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- 2025The Landscape of Agentic Reinforcement Learning for LLMs: A Surveycited by 195
- 2025Spatial Forcing: Implicit Spatial Representation Alignment for Vision-language-action Modelcited by 125
- 2025ForceVLA: Enhancing VLA Models with a Force-aware MoE for Contact-rich Manipulationcited by 87
- 2025Vision-Language-Action Models for Robotics: A Review Towards Real-World Applicationscited by 82
- 2025ReconVLA: Reconstructive Vision-Language-Action Model as Effective Robot Perceivercited by 80
- 2025Vision-Language-Action (VLA) Models: Concepts, Progress, Applications and Challengescited by 72
- 2025Long-VLA: Unleashing Long-Horizon Capability of Vision Language Action Model for Robot Manipulationcited by 48
- 2025Pure Vision Language Action (VLA) Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 46
- 2025ReinboT: Amplifying Robot Visual-Language Manipulation with Reinforcement Learningcited by 44
- 2025CEED-VLA: Consistency Vision-Language-Action Model with Early-Exit Decodingcited by 38
- 2025Vision Language Action Models in Robotic Manipulation: A Systematic Reviewcited by 38
- 2025Unified Diffusion VLA: Vision-Language-Action Model via Joint Discrete Denoising Diffusion Processcited by 37
15 more
- 2026FRAPPE: Infusing World Modeling into Generalist Policies via Multiple Future Representation Alignmentcited by 19
- 2025MobileVLA-R1: Reinforcing Vision-Language-Action for Mobile Robotscited by 15
- 2025Balancing Signal and Variance: Adaptive Offline RL Post-Training for VLA Flow Modelscited by 14
- 2025RationalVLA: A Rational Vision-Language-Action Model with Dual Systemcited by 12
- 2025WAM-Diff: A Masked Diffusion VLA Framework with MoE and Online Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 10
- 2025Dynamic Mixture of Progressive Parameter-Efficient Expert Library for Lifelong Robot Learningcited by 8
- 2025Reinforcement Learning for Large Model: A Surveycited by 8
- 2026CORAL: Scalable Multi-Task Robot Learning via LoRA Expertscited by 8
- 2025Beyond Human Demonstrations: Diffusion-Based Reinforcement Learning to Generate Data for VLA Trainingcited by 4
- 2025VLA^2: Empowering Vision-Language-Action Models with an Agentic Framework for Unseen Concept Manipulationcited by 3
- 2025Discover, Learn, and Reinforce: Scaling Vision-Language-Action Pretraining with Diverse RL-Generated Trajectoriescited by 3
- 2026Towards Precise Intent-Aligned VLA Aerial Navigation via Expert-Guided GRPOcited by 1
- 2026CounterAlign: Counterfactual Supervision for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 1
- 2026MobileVLA-R1 2.0: RL-Enhanced Reasoning for Mobile Robot Controlcited by 1
- 2026Dissecting Advantage-Guided Post-Training for Vision-Language-Action Policiescited by 0
- 2026Dissecting Advantage-Guided Post-Training for Vision-Language-Action Policies23 Sep 2026
- 2026MobileVLA-R1 2.0: RL-Enhanced Reasoning for Mobile Robot Control5 Sep 2026
- 2026CounterAlign: Counterfactual Supervision for Vision-Language-Action Models22 Aug 2026
- 2026Towards Precise Intent-Aligned VLA Aerial Navigation via Expert-Guided GRPO1 Jun 2026
- 2026CORAL: Scalable Multi-Task Robot Learning via LoRA Experts10 Mar 2026
- 2026FRAPPE: Infusing World Modeling into Generalist Policies via Multiple Future Representation Alignment19 Feb 2026
- 2025WAM-Diff: A Masked Diffusion VLA Framework with MoE and Online Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving6 Dec 2025
- 2025Discover, Learn, and Reinforce: Scaling Vision-Language-Action Pretraining with Diverse RL-Generated Trajectories24 Nov 2025
- 2025MobileVLA-R1: Reinforcing Vision-Language-Action for Mobile Robots22 Nov 2025
- 2025Unified Diffusion VLA: Vision-Language-Action Model via Joint Discrete Denoising Diffusion Process3 Nov 2025
- 2025VLA^2: Empowering Vision-Language-Action Models with an Agentic Framework for Unseen Concept Manipulation16 Oct 2025
- 2025Spatial Forcing: Implicit Spatial Representation Alignment for Vision-language-action Model14 Oct 2025
15 more
- 2025Vision-Language-Action Models for Robotics: A Review Towards Real-World Applications8 Oct 2025
- 2025Beyond Human Demonstrations: Diffusion-Based Reinforcement Learning to Generate Data for VLA Training24 Sep 2025
- 2025Pure Vision Language Action (VLA) Models: A Comprehensive Survey23 Sep 2025
- 2025Balancing Signal and Variance: Adaptive Offline RL Post-Training for VLA Flow Models4 Sep 2025
- 2025The Landscape of Agentic Reinforcement Learning for LLMs: A Survey2 Sep 2025
- 2025Long-VLA: Unleashing Long-Horizon Capability of Vision Language Action Model for Robot Manipulation27 Aug 2025
- 2025ReconVLA: Reconstructive Vision-Language-Action Model as Effective Robot Perceiver14 Aug 2025
- 2025Reinforcement Learning for Large Model: A Survey11 Aug 2025
- 2025Vision Language Action Models in Robotic Manipulation: A Systematic Review14 Jul 2025
- 2025CEED-VLA: Consistency Vision-Language-Action Model with Early-Exit Decoding16 Jun 2025
- 2025RationalVLA: A Rational Vision-Language-Action Model with Dual System12 Jun 2025
- 2025Dynamic Mixture of Progressive Parameter-Efficient Expert Library for Lifelong Robot Learning6 Jun 2025
- 2025ForceVLA: Enhancing VLA Models with a Force-aware MoE for Contact-rich Manipulation28 May 2025
- 2025ReinboT: Amplifying Robot Visual-Language Manipulation with Reinforcement Learning12 May 2025
- 2025Vision-Language-Action (VLA) Models: Concepts, Progress, Applications and Challenges7 May 2025
- 2025Spatial Forcing: Implicit Spatial Representation Alignment for Vision-language-action Modelcited by 125
- 2025ForceVLA: Enhancing VLA Models with a Force-aware MoE for Contact-rich Manipulationcited by 87
- 2025ReconVLA: Reconstructive Vision-Language-Action Model as Effective Robot Perceivercited by 80
- 2025Long-VLA: Unleashing Long-Horizon Capability of Vision Language Action Model for Robot Manipulationcited by 48
- 2025ReinboT: Amplifying Robot Visual-Language Manipulation with Reinforcement Learningcited by 44
- 2025CEED-VLA: Consistency Vision-Language-Action Model with Early-Exit Decodingcited by 38
- 2025Vision Language Action Models in Robotic Manipulation: A Systematic Reviewcited by 38
- 2025Unified Diffusion VLA: Vision-Language-Action Model via Joint Discrete Denoising Diffusion Processcited by 37
- 2025MobileVLA-R1: Reinforcing Vision-Language-Action for Mobile Robotscited by 15
- 2025Balancing Signal and Variance: Adaptive Offline RL Post-Training for VLA Flow Modelscited by 14
- 2025RationalVLA: A Rational Vision-Language-Action Model with Dual Systemcited by 12
- 2025WAM-Diff: A Masked Diffusion VLA Framework with MoE and Online Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 10
12 most cited of 19 All 19 (JSON)
- 2026Dissecting Advantage-Guided Post-Training for Vision-Language-Action Policies23 Sep 2026
- 2026MobileVLA-R1 2.0: RL-Enhanced Reasoning for Mobile Robot Control5 Sep 2026
- 2026CounterAlign: Counterfactual Supervision for Vision-Language-Action Models22 Aug 2026
- 2026CORAL: Scalable Multi-Task Robot Learning via LoRA Experts10 Mar 2026
- 2025WAM-Diff: A Masked Diffusion VLA Framework with MoE and Online Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving6 Dec 2025
- 2025Discover, Learn, and Reinforce: Scaling Vision-Language-Action Pretraining with Diverse RL-Generated Trajectories24 Nov 2025
- 2025MobileVLA-R1: Reinforcing Vision-Language-Action for Mobile Robots22 Nov 2025
- 2025Unified Diffusion VLA: Vision-Language-Action Model via Joint Discrete Denoising Diffusion Process3 Nov 2025
- 2025VLA^2: Empowering Vision-Language-Action Models with an Agentic Framework for Unseen Concept Manipulation16 Oct 2025
- 2025Spatial Forcing: Implicit Spatial Representation Alignment for Vision-language-action Model14 Oct 2025
- 2025Beyond Human Demonstrations: Diffusion-Based Reinforcement Learning to Generate Data for VLA Training24 Sep 2025
- 2025Balancing Signal and Variance: Adaptive Offline RL Post-Training for VLA Flow Models4 Sep 2025
12 newest of 19 All 19 (JSON)
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