mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Investigating Driving Interactions: A Robust Multi-Agent Simulation Framework for Autonomous Vehicles

arXiv 2402.04720 ↗First posted 7 Feb 2024cs.ROcited by 3

On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → Cooperative and V2X driving

Abstract (arXiv)

Current validation methods often rely on recorded data and basic functional checks, which may not be sufficient to encompass the scenarios an autonomous vehicle might encounter. In addition, there is a growing need for complex scenarios with changing vehicle interactions for comprehensive validation. This work introduces a novel synchronous multi-agent simulation framework for autonomous vehicles in interactive scenarios. Our approach creates an interactive scenario and incorporates publicly available edge-case scenarios wherein simulated vehicles are replaced by agents navigating to predefined destinations. We provide a platform that enables the integration of different autonomous driving planning methodologies and includes a set of evaluation metrics to assess autonomous driving behavior. Our study explores different planning setups and adjusts simulation complexity to test the framework's adaptability and performance. Results highlight the critical role of simulating vehicle interactions to enhance autonomous driving systems. Our setup offers unique insights for developing advanced algorithms for complex driving tasks to accelerate future investigations and developments in this field. The multi-agent simulation framework is available as open-source software: https://github.com/TUM-AVS/Frenetix-Motion-Planner

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Cooperative and V2X driving, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 7 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Feb 2024.

Builds on

7 of 35 references.

References · 7

  1. 2017CARLA: An Open Urban Driving Simulatorcited by 2,431
  2. 2021NuPlan: A closed-loop ML-based planning benchmark for autonomous vehiclescited by 485
  3. 2019INTERACTION Dataset: An INTERnational, Adversarial and Cooperative moTION Dataset in Interactive Driving Scenarios with Semantic Mapscited by 231
  4. 2021Criticality Metrics for Automated Driving: A Review and Suitability Analysis of the State of the Artcited by 30
  5. 2020BARK: Open Behavior Benchmarking in Multi-Agent Environmentscited by 21
  6. 2020Cyber-Physical Mobility Lab: An Open-Source Platform for Networked and Autonomous Vehiclescited by 5
  7. 2020Overview of Tools Supporting Planning for Automated Drivingcited by 3

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 1.

3 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Multi-Agent Embodied Autonomous Driving (MAEAD): From V2X Information Exchange to Shared World Models
  2. 2025nuPlan-R: A Closed-Loop Planning Benchmark for Autonomous Driving via Reactive Multi-Agent Simulation
  3. 2026VehicleArena: A Realistic Urban Environment for Multi-Agent Driving
  4. 2026MDrive: Benchmarking Closed-Loop Cooperative Driving for End-to-End Multi-agent Systems
  5. 2023Waymax: An Accelerated, Data-Driven Simulator for Large-Scale Autonomous Driving Research
  6. 2024TrafficGamer: Reliable and Flexible Traffic Simulation for Safety-Critical Scenarios with Game-Theoretic Oracles
  7. 2024Versatile Behavior Diffusion for Generalized Traffic Agent Simulation
  8. 2024FRENETIX: A High-Performance and Modular Motion Planning Framework for Autonomous Driving