Embedding Large Language Models into Extended Reality: Opportunities and Challenges for Inclusion, Engagement, and Privacy
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Abstract (arXiv)
Advances in artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction will likely lead to extended reality (XR) becoming pervasive. While XR can provide users with interactive, engaging, and immersive experiences, non-player characters are often utilized in pre-scripted and conventional ways. This paper argues for using large language models (LLMs) in XR by embedding them in avatars or as narratives to facilitate inclusion through prompt engineering and fine-tuning the LLMs. We argue that this inclusion will promote diversity for XR use. Furthermore, the versatile conversational capabilities of LLMs will likely increase engagement in XR, helping XR become ubiquitous. Lastly, we speculate that combining the information provided to LLM-powered spaces by users and the biometric data obtained might lead to novel privacy invasions. While exploring potential privacy breaches, examining user privacy concerns and preferences is also essential. Therefore, despite challenges, LLM-powered XR is a promising area with several opportunities.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 19 of its 78 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Feb 2024.
Builds on
19 of 78 references.
References · 19
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7 more
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 5; 2025: 7; 2026: 2.
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- 2024How Far Are We From AGI: Are LLMs All We Need?cited by 31
- 2024Space3D-Bench: Spatial 3D Question Answering Benchmarkcited by 17
- 2024CUIfy the XR: An Open-Source Package to Embed LLM-powered Conversational Agents in XRcited by 5
- 2024Evaluating Usability and Engagement of Large Language Models in Virtual Reality for Traditional Scottish Curlingcited by 4
- 2024Analyzing Multimodal Interaction Strategies for LLM-Assisted Manipulation of 3D Scenescited by 4
- 2025Exploring Collaborative GenAI Agents in Synchronous Group Settings: Eliciting Team Perceptions and Design Considerations for the Future of Workcited by 3
- 2025Perspective-Aware AI in Extended Realitycited by 3
- 2025Exploring Context-aware and LLM-driven Locomotion for Immersive Virtual Realitycited by 2
- 2025AIvaluateXR: An Evaluation Framework for on-Device AI in XR with Benchmarking Resultscited by 1
- 2025Examining the Role of LLM-Driven Interactions on Attention and Cognitive Engagement in Virtual Classroomscited by 1
- 2025How LLMs are Shaping the Future of Virtual Realitycited by 1
- 2026ORBIT: Guided Agentic Orchestration for Autonomous C-to-Rust Transpilationcited by 1
2 more
- 2025Exploring User Acceptance and Concerns toward LLM-powered Conversational Agents in Immersive Extended Realitycited by 0
- 2026AI-Driven Modular Services for Accessible Multilingual Education in Immersive Extended Reality Settings: Integrating Speech Processing, Translation, and Sign Language Renderingcited by 0
- 2026ORBIT: Guided Agentic Orchestration for Autonomous C-to-Rust Transpilation13 Apr 2026
- 2026AI-Driven Modular Services for Accessible Multilingual Education in Immersive Extended Reality Settings: Integrating Speech Processing, Translation, and Sign Language Rendering7 Apr 2026
- 2025Exploring User Acceptance and Concerns toward LLM-powered Conversational Agents in Immersive Extended Reality17 Dec 2025
- 2025How LLMs are Shaping the Future of Virtual Reality1 Aug 2025
- 2025Examining the Role of LLM-Driven Interactions on Attention and Cognitive Engagement in Virtual Classrooms12 May 2025
- 2025Perspective-Aware AI in Extended Reality5 May 2025
- 2025Exploring Context-aware and LLM-driven Locomotion for Immersive Virtual Reality24 Apr 2025
- 2025Exploring Collaborative GenAI Agents in Synchronous Group Settings: Eliciting Team Perceptions and Design Considerations for the Future of Work21 Apr 2025
- 2025AIvaluateXR: An Evaluation Framework for on-Device AI in XR with Benchmarking Results13 Feb 2025
- 2024CUIfy the XR: An Open-Source Package to Embed LLM-powered Conversational Agents in XR7 Nov 2024
- 2024Analyzing Multimodal Interaction Strategies for LLM-Assisted Manipulation of 3D Scenes29 Oct 2024
- 2024Space3D-Bench: Spatial 3D Question Answering Benchmark29 Aug 2024
- 2024CUIfy the XR: An Open-Source Package to Embed LLM-powered Conversational Agents in XRcited by 5
- 2026ORBIT: Guided Agentic Orchestration for Autonomous C-to-Rust Transpilationcited by 1
- 2025Exploring User Acceptance and Concerns toward LLM-powered Conversational Agents in Immersive Extended Realitycited by 0
- 2026ORBIT: Guided Agentic Orchestration for Autonomous C-to-Rust Transpilation13 Apr 2026
- 2025Exploring User Acceptance and Concerns toward LLM-powered Conversational Agents in Immersive Extended Reality17 Dec 2025
- 2024CUIfy the XR: An Open-Source Package to Embed LLM-powered Conversational Agents in XR7 Nov 2024
- 2024How Far Are We From AGI: Are LLMs All We Need?cited by 31
- 2024Space3D-Bench: Spatial 3D Question Answering Benchmarkcited by 17
- 2024Evaluating Usability and Engagement of Large Language Models in Virtual Reality for Traditional Scottish Curlingcited by 4
- 2024Analyzing Multimodal Interaction Strategies for LLM-Assisted Manipulation of 3D Scenescited by 4
- 2025Exploring Collaborative GenAI Agents in Synchronous Group Settings: Eliciting Team Perceptions and Design Considerations for the Future of Workcited by 3
- 2025Perspective-Aware AI in Extended Realitycited by 3
- 2025Exploring Context-aware and LLM-driven Locomotion for Immersive Virtual Realitycited by 2
- 2025AIvaluateXR: An Evaluation Framework for on-Device AI in XR with Benchmarking Resultscited by 1
- 2025Examining the Role of LLM-Driven Interactions on Attention and Cognitive Engagement in Virtual Classroomscited by 1
- 2025How LLMs are Shaping the Future of Virtual Realitycited by 1
- 2026AI-Driven Modular Services for Accessible Multilingual Education in Immersive Extended Reality Settings: Integrating Speech Processing, Translation, and Sign Language Renderingcited by 0
- 2026AI-Driven Modular Services for Accessible Multilingual Education in Immersive Extended Reality Settings: Integrating Speech Processing, Translation, and Sign Language Rendering7 Apr 2026
- 2025How LLMs are Shaping the Future of Virtual Reality1 Aug 2025
- 2025Examining the Role of LLM-Driven Interactions on Attention and Cognitive Engagement in Virtual Classrooms12 May 2025
- 2025Perspective-Aware AI in Extended Reality5 May 2025
- 2025Exploring Context-aware and LLM-driven Locomotion for Immersive Virtual Reality24 Apr 2025
- 2025Exploring Collaborative GenAI Agents in Synchronous Group Settings: Eliciting Team Perceptions and Design Considerations for the Future of Work21 Apr 2025
- 2025AIvaluateXR: An Evaluation Framework for on-Device AI in XR with Benchmarking Results13 Feb 2025
- 2024Analyzing Multimodal Interaction Strategies for LLM-Assisted Manipulation of 3D Scenes29 Oct 2024
- 2024Space3D-Bench: Spatial 3D Question Answering Benchmark29 Aug 2024
- 2024Evaluating Usability and Engagement of Large Language Models in Virtual Reality for Traditional Scottish Curling17 Aug 2024
- 2024How Far Are We From AGI: Are LLMs All We Need?16 May 2024