LiDAR: Sensing Linear Probing Performance in Joint Embedding SSL Architectures
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Joint embedding (JE) architectures have emerged as a promising avenue for acquiring transferable data representations. A key obstacle to using JE methods, however, is the inherent challenge of evaluating learned representations without access to a downstream task, and an annotated dataset. Without efficient and reliable evaluation, it is difficult to iterate on architectural and training choices for JE methods. In this paper, we introduce LiDAR (Linear Discriminant Analysis Rank), a metric designed to measure the quality of representations within JE architectures. Our metric addresses several shortcomings of recent approaches based on feature covariance rank by discriminating between informative and uninformative features. In essence, LiDAR quantifies the rank of the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) matrix associated with the surrogate SSL task -- a measure that intuitively captures the information content as it pertains to solving the SSL task. We empirically demonstrate that LiDAR significantly surpasses naive rank based approaches in its predictive power of optimal hyperparameters. Our proposed criterion presents a more robust and intuitive means of assessing the quality of representations within JE architectures, which we hope facilitates broader adoption of these powerful techniques in various domains.
Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Dec 2023.
Builds on
23 of 34 references.
References · 23
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
- 2020A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representationscited by 12,049
- 2014ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challengecited by 8,498
- 2021Masked Autoencoders Are Scalable Vision Learnerscited by 7,403
- 2021Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformerscited by 6,968
- 2020Bootstrap your own latent: A new approach to self-supervised Learningcited by 4,750
- 2020Exploring Simple Siamese Representation Learningcited by 2,866
- 2020Unsupervised Learning of Visual Features by Contrasting Cluster Assignmentscited by 2,857
- 2021Barlow Twins: Self-Supervised Learning via Redundancy Reductioncited by 1,838
- 2017EuroSAT: A Novel Dataset and Deep Learning Benchmark for Land Use and Land Cover Classificationcited by 1,496
- 2017Accurate, Large Minibatch SGD: Training ImageNet in 1 Hourcited by 1,492
11 more
- 2021VICReg: Variance-Invariance-Covariance Regularization for Self-Supervised Learningcited by 1,057
- 2023Self-Supervised Learning from Images with a Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecturecited by 1,039
- 2018Deep Clustering for Unsupervised Learning of Visual Featurescited by 1,028
- 2022data2vec: A General Framework for Self-supervised Learning in Speech, Vision and Languagecited by 727
- 2017Large Batch Training of Convolutional Networkscited by 535
- 2021Understanding Dimensional Collapse in Contrastive Self-supervised Learningcited by 378
- 2021Provable Guarantees for Self-Supervised Deep Learning with Spectral Contrastive Losscited by 313
- 2021On Feature Decorrelation in Self-Supervised Learningcited by 160
- 2022RankMe: Assessing the downstream performance of pretrained self-supervised representations by their rankcited by 153
- 2022Understanding Collapse in Non-Contrastive Siamese Representation Learningcited by 42
- 2022What shapes the loss landscape of self-supervised learning?cited by 19
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 5; 2025: 14; 2026: 7.
27 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2025Layer by Layer: Uncovering Hidden Representations in Language Modelscited by 311
- 2025LeJEPA: Provable and Scalable Self-Supervised Learning Without the Heuristicscited by 254
- 2024Vision-Language Models Provide Promptable Representations for Reinforcement Learningcited by 41
- 2025Tracing the Representation Geometry of Language Models from Pretraining to Post-trainingcited by 35
- 2024Does Representation Matter? Exploring Intermediate Layers in Large Language Modelscited by 34
- 2024How JEPA Avoids Noisy Features: The Implicit Bias of Deep Linear Self Distillation Networkscited by 31
- 2025Rethinking JEPA: Compute-Efficient Video SSL with Frozen Teacherscited by 12
- 2025stable-pretraining-v1: Foundation Model Research Made Simplecited by 10
- 2023Harnessing small projectors and multiple views for efficient vision pretrainingcited by 5
- 2025Why and How Auxiliary Tasks Improve JEPA Representationscited by 5
- 2025Exploring Structural Degradation in Dense Representations for Self-supervised Learningcited by 5
- 2025AdaDim: Dimensionality Adaptation for SSL Representational Dynamicscited by 4
15 more
- 2025Geometric Metrics and LLMs: What They Measure and When They Workcited by 4
- 2024Multi-Modal Contrastive Learning for Online Clinical Time-Series Applicationscited by 2
- 2025Time to Embed: Unlocking Foundation Models for Time Series with Channel Descriptionscited by 2
- 2025Quantifying Compositionality of Classic and State-of-the-Art Embeddingscited by 2
- 2026IdEst: Assessing Self-Supervised Learning Representations via Intrinsic Dimensioncited by 2
- 2024Enhancing JEPAs with Spatial Conditioning: Robust and Efficient Representation Learningcited by 1
- 2025Countering Multi-modal Representation Collapse through Rank-targeted Fusioncited by 1
- 2026IConE: Batch Independent Collapse Prevention for Self-Supervised Representation Learningcited by 1
- 2026Pseudo-Unification: Entropy Probing Reveals Divergent Information Patterns in Unified Multimodal Modelscited by 1
- 2026Evaluating the Representation Space of Diffusion Models via Self-Supervised Principlescited by 1
- 2025Task Priors: Enhancing Model Evaluation by Considering the Entire Space of Downstream Taskscited by 0
- 2025Elucidating the Role of Feature Normalization in IJEPAcited by 0
- 2026Radial Basis Function Networks as Projection Heads in Self-Supervised Learningcited by 0
- 2026What Makes a Good Layer? Assessing the Layer-Wise Intrinsic Properties of Music Foundation Modelscited by 0
- 2026A JEPA Recipe for Tabular Foundation Modelscited by 0
- 2026A JEPA Recipe for Tabular Foundation Models22 Sep 2026
- 2026What Makes a Good Layer? Assessing the Layer-Wise Intrinsic Properties of Music Foundation Models14 Aug 2026
- 2026Radial Basis Function Networks as Projection Heads in Self-Supervised Learning19 Jun 2026
- 2026Evaluating the Representation Space of Diffusion Models via Self-Supervised Principles8 Jun 2026
- 2026IdEst: Assessing Self-Supervised Learning Representations via Intrinsic Dimension2 Jun 2026
- 2026Pseudo-Unification: Entropy Probing Reveals Divergent Information Patterns in Unified Multimodal Models13 Apr 2026
- 2026IConE: Batch Independent Collapse Prevention for Self-Supervised Representation Learning16 Mar 2026
- 2025stable-pretraining-v1: Foundation Model Research Made Simple23 Nov 2025
- 2025LeJEPA: Provable and Scalable Self-Supervised Learning Without the Heuristics11 Nov 2025
- 2025Countering Multi-modal Representation Collapse through Rank-targeted Fusion9 Nov 2025
- 2025Exploring Structural Degradation in Dense Representations for Self-supervised Learning20 Oct 2025
- 2025Geometric Metrics and LLMs: What They Measure and When They Work29 Sep 2025
15 more
- 2025Rethinking JEPA: Compute-Efficient Video SSL with Frozen Teachers29 Sep 2025
- 2025Tracing the Representation Geometry of Language Models from Pretraining to Post-training27 Sep 2025
- 2025Quantifying Compositionality of Classic and State-of-the-Art Embeddings14 Sep 2025
- 2025Why and How Auxiliary Tasks Improve JEPA Representations12 Sep 2025
- 2025Elucidating the Role of Feature Normalization in IJEPA4 Aug 2025
- 2025Task Priors: Enhancing Model Evaluation by Considering the Entire Space of Downstream Tasks14 Jul 2025
- 2025Time to Embed: Unlocking Foundation Models for Time Series with Channel Descriptions20 May 2025
- 2025AdaDim: Dimensionality Adaptation for SSL Representational Dynamics18 May 2025
- 2025Layer by Layer: Uncovering Hidden Representations in Language Models4 Feb 2025
- 2024Does Representation Matter? Exploring Intermediate Layers in Large Language Models12 Dec 2024
- 2024Enhancing JEPAs with Spatial Conditioning: Robust and Efficient Representation Learning14 Oct 2024
- 2024How JEPA Avoids Noisy Features: The Implicit Bias of Deep Linear Self Distillation Networks3 Jul 2024
- 2024Multi-Modal Contrastive Learning for Online Clinical Time-Series Applications27 Mar 2024
- 2024Vision-Language Models Provide Promptable Representations for Reinforcement Learning5 Feb 2024
- 2023Harnessing small projectors and multiple views for efficient vision pretraining17 Dec 2023
- 2026A JEPA Recipe for Tabular Foundation Modelscited by 0
- 2026A JEPA Recipe for Tabular Foundation Models22 Sep 2026
- 2025Layer by Layer: Uncovering Hidden Representations in Language Modelscited by 311
- 2025LeJEPA: Provable and Scalable Self-Supervised Learning Without the Heuristicscited by 254
- 2025Tracing the Representation Geometry of Language Models from Pretraining to Post-trainingcited by 35
- 2024Does Representation Matter? Exploring Intermediate Layers in Large Language Modelscited by 34
- 2025Rethinking JEPA: Compute-Efficient Video SSL with Frozen Teacherscited by 12
- 2025stable-pretraining-v1: Foundation Model Research Made Simplecited by 10
- 2023Harnessing small projectors and multiple views for efficient vision pretrainingcited by 5
- 2025Why and How Auxiliary Tasks Improve JEPA Representationscited by 5
- 2025Exploring Structural Degradation in Dense Representations for Self-supervised Learningcited by 5
- 2025AdaDim: Dimensionality Adaptation for SSL Representational Dynamicscited by 4
- 2025Geometric Metrics and LLMs: What They Measure and When They Workcited by 4
- 2024Multi-Modal Contrastive Learning for Online Clinical Time-Series Applicationscited by 2
12 most cited of 21 All 21 (JSON)
- 2026What Makes a Good Layer? Assessing the Layer-Wise Intrinsic Properties of Music Foundation Models14 Aug 2026
- 2026Radial Basis Function Networks as Projection Heads in Self-Supervised Learning19 Jun 2026
- 2026IdEst: Assessing Self-Supervised Learning Representations via Intrinsic Dimension2 Jun 2026
- 2026IConE: Batch Independent Collapse Prevention for Self-Supervised Representation Learning16 Mar 2026
- 2025stable-pretraining-v1: Foundation Model Research Made Simple23 Nov 2025
- 2025LeJEPA: Provable and Scalable Self-Supervised Learning Without the Heuristics11 Nov 2025
- 2025Countering Multi-modal Representation Collapse through Rank-targeted Fusion9 Nov 2025
- 2025Exploring Structural Degradation in Dense Representations for Self-supervised Learning20 Oct 2025
- 2025Geometric Metrics and LLMs: What They Measure and When They Work29 Sep 2025
- 2025Rethinking JEPA: Compute-Efficient Video SSL with Frozen Teachers29 Sep 2025
- 2025Tracing the Representation Geometry of Language Models from Pretraining to Post-training27 Sep 2025
- 2025Quantifying Compositionality of Classic and State-of-the-Art Embeddings14 Sep 2025
12 newest of 21 All 21 (JSON)