mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Agent-OM: Leveraging LLM Agents for Ontology Matching

arXiv 2312.00326 ↗First posted 1 Dec 2023cs.AI cs.CL cs.IRcited by 26

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Web, search, and research agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Ontology matching (OM) enables semantic interoperability between different ontologies and resolves their conceptual heterogeneity by aligning related entities. OM systems currently have two prevailing design paradigms: conventional knowledge-based expert systems and newer machine learning-based predictive systems. While large language models (LLMs) and LLM agents have revolutionised data engineering and have been applied creatively in many domains, their potential for OM remains underexplored. This study introduces a novel agent-powered LLM-based design paradigm for OM systems. With consideration of several specific challenges in leveraging LLM agents for OM, we propose a generic framework, namely Agent-OM (Agent for Ontology Matching), consisting of two Siamese agents for retrieval and matching, with a set of OM tools. Our framework is implemented in a proof-of-concept system. Evaluations of three Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) tracks over state-of-the-art OM systems show that our system can achieve results very close to the long-standing best performance on simple OM tasks and can significantly improve the performance on complex and few-shot OM tasks.

Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Web, search, and research agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 20 of its 83 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Dec 2023.

Builds on

20 of 83 references.

References · 20

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  3. 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,160
  4. 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,049
  5. 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,601
  6. 2022Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasonerscited by 4,323
  7. 2023A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous Agentscited by 2,203
  8. 2022Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generationcited by 2,056
  9. 2023Self-RAG: Learning to Retrieve, Generate, and Critique through Self-Reflectioncited by 1,800
  10. 2023The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Surveycited by 1,422
  11. 2023Graph of Thoughts: Solving Elaborate Problems with Large Language Modelscited by 873
  12. 2023SelfCheckGPT: Zero-Resource Black-Box Hallucination Detection for Generative Large Language Modelscited by 787
8 more
  1. 2023Large Language Model Guided Tree-of-Thoughtcited by 218
  2. 2023LLMs4OL: Large Language Models for Ontology Learningcited by 75
  3. 2021BERTMap: A BERT-based Ontology Alignment Systemcited by 45
  4. 2023OLaLa: Ontology Matching with Large Language Modelscited by 35
  5. 2023Exploring Large Language Models for Ontology Alignmentcited by 26
  6. 2023Language Model Analysis for Ontology Subsumption Inferencecited by 25
  7. 2023DeepOnto: A Python Package for Ontology Engineering with Deep Learningcited by 20
  8. 2023Conversational Ontology Alignment with ChatGPTcited by 11

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 11; 2026: 11.

26 papers.

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  1. 2025Rethinking Memory in LLM based Agents: Representations, Operations, and Emerging Topicscited by 36
  2. 2025Internet of Agents: Fundamentals, Applications, and Challengescited by 31
  3. 2025A Survey of Data Agents: Emerging Paradigm or Overstated Hype?cited by 30
  4. 2024OntoChat: a Framework for Conversational Ontology Engineering using Language Modelscited by 14
  5. 2026Can LLMs Clean Up Your Mess? A Survey of Application-Ready Data Preparation with LLMscited by 9
  6. 2025OntoAligner: A Comprehensive Modular and Robust Python Toolkit for Ontology Alignmentcited by 8
  7. 2025A Survey of LLM × DATAcited by 4
  8. 2025Retrieval-Augmented Generation of Ontologies from Relational Databasescited by 4
  9. 2026PrepBench: How Far Are We from Natural-Language-Driven Data Preparation?cited by 3
  10. 2025GenOM: Ontology Matching with Description Generation and Large Language Modelcited by 2
  11. 2026GRAIL: A Deep-Granularity Hybrid Resonance Framework for Real-Time Agent Discovery via SLM-Enhanced Indexingcited by 2
  12. 2024Prompt-Matcher: Leveraging Large Models to Reduce Uncertainty in Schema Matching Resultscited by 1
14 more
  1. 2025OAEI-LLM-T: A TBox Benchmark Dataset for Understanding Large Language Model Hallucinations in Ontology Matchingcited by 1
  2. 2025OntoAligner Meets Knowledge Graph Embedding Alignerscited by 1
  3. 2026Discoverable Agent Knowledge -- A Formal Framework for Agentic KG Affordances (Extended Version)cited by 1
  4. 2024OM4OV: Leveraging Ontology Matching for Ontology Versioningcited by 0
  5. 2024How Does A Text Preprocessing Pipeline Affect Ontology Matching?cited by 0
  6. 2025Disentangling concept semantics via multilingual averaging in Sparse Autoencoderscited by 0
  7. 2025Semantic Alignment of Multilingual Knowledge Graphs via Contextualized Vector Projectionscited by 0
  8. 2026Ontological Trajectory Forecasting via Finite Semigroup Iteration and Lie Algebra Approximation in Geopolitical Knowledge Graphscited by 0
  9. 2026Scalable LLM Agent Tool Access in the Cloudcited by 0
  10. 2026Towards Trustworthy and Cost-Efficient Data Integration: From Na"ive RAG to Agentic RAGcited by 0
  11. 2026OntoAligner-Ensemble: Voting-Based Fusion across Heterogeneous Ontology Alignment Techniquescited by 0
  12. 2026Subjects, Not Authors: The Authorship Hazard in Agentic Dataspacescited by 0
  13. 2026Towards Reliable AI Data Scientists: Data Agents with Workflow Harnessescited by 0
  14. 2026Federated Agent Optimizationcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026AgentMap: Joint Equivalence and Subsumption Discovery for Ontology Matching
  2. 2025KROMA: Ontology Matching with Knowledge Retrieval and Large Language Models
  3. 2026Towards Automated Ontology Generation from Unstructured Text: A Multi-Agent LLM Approach
  4. 2025Improving LLM-based Ontology Matching with fine-tuning on synthetic data
  5. 2026Toward Effective and Reliable LLM Agents via Dynamic Ontology
  6. 2026Ontology-to-tools compilation for executable semantic constraint enforcement in LLM agents
  7. 2025Large Language Models as Oracles for Ontology Alignment
  8. 2024Towards Complex Ontology Alignment using Large Language Models