mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

FlashOcc: Fast and Memory-Efficient Occupancy Prediction via Channel-to-Height Plugin

arXiv 2311.12058 ↗First posted 18 Nov 2023cs.CVcited by 103

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Abstract (arXiv)

Given the capability of mitigating the long-tail deficiencies and intricate-shaped absence prevalent in 3D object detection, occupancy prediction has become a pivotal component in autonomous driving systems. However, the procession of three-dimensional voxel-level representations inevitably introduces large overhead in both memory and computation, obstructing the deployment of to-date occupancy prediction approaches. In contrast to the trend of making the model larger and more complicated, we argue that a desirable framework should be deployment-friendly to diverse chips while maintaining high precision. To this end, we propose a plug-and-play paradigm, namely FlashOCC, to consolidate rapid and memory-efficient occupancy prediction while maintaining high precision. Particularly, our FlashOCC makes two improvements based on the contemporary voxel-level occupancy prediction approaches. Firstly, the features are kept in the BEV, enabling the employment of efficient 2D convolutional layers for feature extraction. Secondly, a channel-to-height transformation is introduced to lift the output logits from the BEV into the 3D space. We apply the FlashOCC to diverse occupancy prediction baselines on the challenging Occ3D-nuScenes benchmarks and conduct extensive experiments to validate the effectiveness. The results substantiate the superiority of our plug-and-play paradigm over previous state-of-the-art methods in terms of precision, runtime efficiency, and memory costs, demonstrating its potential for deployment. The code will be made available.

Key facts. Cited by 103 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 29 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Nov 2023.

Builds on

29 of 36 references.

References · 29

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
  2. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
  3. 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,139
  4. 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,117
  5. 2018PointPillars: Fast Encoders for Object Detection from Point Cloudscited by 1,715
  6. 2020Center-based 3D Object Detection and Trackingcited by 1,144
  7. 2020Lift, Splat, Shoot: Encoding Images From Arbitrary Camera Rigs by Implicitly Unprojecting to 3Dcited by 1,044
  8. 2019EfficientDet: Scalable and Efficient Object Detectioncited by 1,020
  9. 2022BEVFusion: Multi-Task Multi-Sensor Fusion with Unified Bird's-Eye View Representationcited by 850
  10. 2021BEVDet: High-performance Multi-camera 3D Object Detection in Bird-Eye-Viewcited by 713
  11. 2022BEVDepth: Acquisition of Reliable Depth for Multi-view 3D Object Detectioncited by 572
  12. 2022PETR: Position Embedding Transformation for Multi-View 3D Object Detectioncited by 552
17 more
  1. 2023Tri-Perspective View for Vision-Based 3D Semantic Occupancy Predictioncited by 409
  2. 2017Joint 2D-3D-Semantic Data for Indoor Scene Understandingcited by 406
  3. 2021MonoScene: Monocular 3D Semantic Scene Completioncited by 363
  4. 2022PETRv2: A Unified Framework for 3D Perception from Multi-Camera Imagescited by 352
  5. 2023Occ3D: A Large-Scale 3D Occupancy Prediction Benchmark for Autonomous Drivingcited by 332
  6. 2023VoxFormer: Sparse Voxel Transformer for Camera-based 3D Semantic Scene Completioncited by 313
  7. 2023OccFormer: Dual-path Transformer for Vision-based 3D Semantic Occupancy Predictioncited by 293
  8. 2019NAS-FPN: Learning Scalable Feature Pyramid Architecture for Object Detectioncited by 291
  9. 2023FB-OCC: 3D Occupancy Prediction based on Forward-Backward View Transformationcited by 165
  10. 2023RenderOcc: Vision-Centric 3D Occupancy Prediction with 2D Rendering Supervisioncited by 128
  11. 2023PanoOcc: Unified Occupancy Representation for Camera-based 3D Panoptic Segmentationcited by 115
  12. 2022SurroundDepth: Entangling Surrounding Views for Self-Supervised Multi-Camera Depth Estimationcited by 76
  13. 2023Fast-BEV: A Fast and Strong Bird's-Eye View Perception Baselinecited by 40
  14. 2023Learning Occupancy for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 36
  15. 2023Super Sparse 3D Object Detectioncited by 32
  16. 2023UniOcc: Unifying Vision-Centric 3D Occupancy Prediction with Geometric and Semantic Renderingcited by 26
  17. 20223DPPE: 3D Point Positional Encoding for Multi-Camera 3D Object Detection Transformerscited by 15

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 31; 2025: 41; 2026: 29.

103 papers.

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  1. 2024GaussianFormer: Scene as Gaussians for Vision-Based 3D Semantic Occupancy Predictioncited by 157
  2. 2024GaussianFormer-2: Probabilistic Gaussian Superposition for Efficient 3D Occupancy Predictioncited by 86
  3. 2024Driving in the Occupancy World: Vision-Centric 4D Occupancy Forecasting and Planning via World Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 69
  4. 2024GaussianOcc: Fully Self-supervised and Efficient 3D Occupancy Estimation with Gaussian Splattingcited by 50
  5. 2023OctreeOcc: Efficient and Multi-Granularity Occupancy Prediction Using Octree Queriescited by 48
  6. 2024GaussTR: Foundation Model-Aligned Gaussian Transformer for Self-Supervised 3D Spatial Understandingcited by 46
  7. 2023OccNeRF: Advancing 3D Occupancy Prediction in LiDAR-Free Environmentscited by 41
  8. 2024A Survey on Occupancy Perception for Autonomous Driving: The Information Fusion Perspectivecited by 37
  9. 2024Unleashing HyDRa: Hybrid Fusion, Depth Consistency and Radar for Unified 3D Perceptioncited by 35
  10. 2024Monocular Occupancy Prediction for Scalable Indoor Scenescited by 31
  11. 2024Vision-based 3D occupancy prediction in autonomous driving: a review and outlookcited by 29
  12. 2024OmniHD-Scenes: A Next-Generation Multimodal Dataset for Autonomous Drivingcited by 27
38 more
  1. 2025GaussianFlowOcc: Sparse and Weakly Supervised Occupancy Estimation using Gaussian Splatting and Temporal Flowcited by 24
  2. 2025Doracamom: Joint 3D Detection and Occupancy Prediction with Multi-view 4D Radars and Cameras for Omnidirectional Perceptioncited by 22
  3. 2024GEOcc: Geometrically Enhanced 3D Occupancy Network with Implicit-Explicit Depth Fusion and Contextual Self-Supervisioncited by 21
  4. 2024ALOcc: Adaptive Lifting-Based 3D Semantic Occupancy and Cost Volume-Based Flow Predictionscited by 20
  5. 2025QuadricFormer: Scene as Superquadrics for 3D Semantic Occupancy Predictioncited by 20
  6. 2024LiCROcc: Teach Radar for Accurate Semantic Occupancy Prediction using LiDAR and Cameracited by 19
  7. 2024Language Driven Occupancy Predictioncited by 17
  8. 2024ProtoOcc: Accurate, Efficient 3D Occupancy Prediction Using Dual Branch Encoder-Prototype Query Decodercited by 17
  9. 2024LangOcc: Self-Supervised Open Vocabulary Occupancy Estimation via Volume Renderingcited by 16
  10. 2024Deep Height Decoupling for Precise Vision-based 3D Occupancy Predictioncited by 16
  11. 2024DAOcc: 3D Object Detection Assisted Multi-Sensor Fusion for 3D Occupancy Predictioncited by 15
  12. 2025DrivePI: Spatial-aware 4D MLLM for Unified Autonomous Driving Understanding, Perception, Prediction and Planningcited by 15
  13. 2026ResWorld: Temporal Residual World Model for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 15
  14. 2024Panoptic-FlashOcc: An Efficient Baseline to Marry Semantic Occupancy with Panoptic via Instance Centercited by 14
  15. 2025AutoOcc: Automatic Open-Ended Semantic Occupancy Annotation via Vision-Language Guided Gaussian Splattingcited by 14
  16. 2025GaussianFormer3D: Multi-Modal Gaussian-based Semantic Occupancy Prediction with 3D Deformable Attentioncited by 14
  17. 2024Offboard Occupancy Refinement with Hybrid Propagation for Autonomous Drivingcited by 12
  18. 2025SparseWorld: A Flexible, Adaptive, and Efficient 4D Occupancy World Model Powered by Sparse and Dynamic Queriescited by 11
  19. 2025VoxelSplat: Dynamic Gaussian Splatting as an Effective Loss for Occupancy and Flow Predictioncited by 10
  20. 2025Rethinking Temporal Fusion with a Unified Gradient Descent View for 3D Semantic Occupancy Predictioncited by 9
  21. 2025SplatSSC: Decoupled Depth-Guided Gaussian Splatting for Semantic Scene Completioncited by 9
  22. 2025Occupancy Learning with Spatiotemporal Memorycited by 9
  23. 2026Qwen-Drive-1.0: An Initial Step towards a Vision-Language Foundation Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 9
  24. 2024MIM4D: Masked Modeling with Multi-View Video for Autonomous Driving Representation Learningcited by 8
  25. 2024EFFOcc: Learning Efficient Occupancy Networks from Minimal Labels for Autonomous Drivingcited by 8
  26. 2025Semantic Causality-Aware Vision-Based 3D Occupancy Predictioncited by 8
  27. 2025Disentangling Instance and Scene Contexts for 3D Semantic Scene Completioncited by 7
  28. 2024ReliOcc: Towards Reliable Semantic Occupancy Prediction via Uncertainty Learningcited by 6
  29. 2024LightOcc: Lightweight Spatial Embedding for Efficient Vision-based 3D Occupancy Predictioncited by 6
  30. 2025HENet++: Hybrid Encoding and Multi-task Learning for 3D Perception and End-to-end Autonomous Drivingcited by 6
  31. 2025ShelfOcc: Native 3D Supervision beyond LiDAR for Vision-Based Occupancy Estimationcited by 6
  32. 2024MambaOcc: Visual State Space Model for BEV-based Occupancy Prediction with Local Adaptive Reorderingcited by 5
  33. 2025Humanoid Occupancy: Enabling A Generalized Multimodal Occupancy Perception System on Humanoid Robotscited by 5
  34. 2025RLGF: Reinforcement Learning with Geometric Feedback for Autonomous Driving Video Generationcited by 5
  35. 2025Spatial Retrieval Augmented Autonomous Drivingcited by 5
  36. 2026Panoramic Multimodal Semantic Occupancy Prediction for Quadruped Robotscited by 5
  37. 2025Inverse++: Vision-Centric 3D Semantic Occupancy Prediction Assisted with 3D Object Detectioncited by 4
  38. 2025VG3T: Visual Geometry Grounded Gaussian Transformercited by 4

50 most cited of 103 All 103 (JSON)