mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

MuggleMath: Assessing the Impact of Query and Response Augmentation on Math Reasoning

arXiv 2310.05506 ↗First posted 9 Oct 2023cs.CL cs.AI cs.LGcited by 45

On the map: LLM reasoning → Mathematical reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

In math reasoning with large language models (LLMs), fine-tuning data augmentation by query evolution and diverse reasoning paths is empirically verified effective, profoundly narrowing the gap between open-sourced LLMs and cutting-edge proprietary LLMs. In this paper, we conduct an investigation for such data augmentation in math reasoning and are intended to answer: (1) What strategies of data augmentation are more effective; (2) What is the scaling relationship between the amount of augmented data and model performance; and (3) Can data augmentation incentivize generalization to out-of-domain mathematical reasoning tasks? To this end, we create two new dataset AugGSM8K and AugMATH, by complicating and diversifying the queries and sampling multiple reasoning paths from GSM8K and MATH. We obtained a series of LLMs called MuggleMath by fine-tuning LLaMA models on AugGSM8K and AugMATH. MuggleMath substantially achieves new state-of-the-art on GSM8K and MATH. A log-linear relationship and a segmented log-linear are presented between MuggleMath's performance and the amount of augmented data on GSM8K and MATH, respectively. We also find that it is weak in out-of-domain math reasoning generalization from AugGSM8K to MATH and from AugMATH to GSM8K, which suggests that augmenting queries that cover a broader range of subjects is more beneficial for generalization. We release our codes and augmented data in https://github.com/OFA-Sys/gsm8k-ScRel.

Key facts. Cited by 45 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Mathematical reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 34 of its 40 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Oct 2023.

Builds on

34 of 40 references.

Closest ancestors · 5

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023How well do Large Language Models perform in Arithmetic tasks?16 Mar
  2. 2022Solving Math Word Problems via Cooperative Reasoning induced Language Models28 Oct
  3. 2022Dynamic Prompt Learning via Policy Gradient for Semi-structured Mathematical Reasoning29 Sep
  4. 2022Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems with Language Models29 Jun
  5. 2022Learning Math Reasoning from Self-Sampled Correct and Partially-Correct Solutions28 May

Other references · 29

  1. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
  2. 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 10,109
  3. 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,320
  4. 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,708
  5. 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,371
  6. 2022PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathwayscited by 5,326
  7. 2023Let's Verify Step by Stepcited by 3,789
  8. 2023Qwen Technical Reportcited by 3,344
  9. 2017Progressive Growing of GANs for Improved Quality, Stability, and Variationcited by 2,988
  10. 2022Self-Instruct: Aligning Language Models with Self-Generated Instructionscited by 2,724
  11. 2023Code Llama: Open Foundation Models for Codecited by 2,139
  12. 2023WizardLM: Empowering large pre-trained language models to follow complex instructionscited by 1,125
17 more
  1. 2021Are NLP Models really able to Solve Simple Math Word Problems?cited by 878
  2. 2023Enhancing Chat Language Models by Scaling High-quality Instructional Conversationscited by 839
  3. 2023The RefinedWeb Dataset for Falcon LLM: Outperforming Curated Corpora with Web Data, and Web Data Onlycited by 763
  4. 2022Galactica: A Large Language Model for Sciencecited by 744
  5. 2023WizardCoder: Empowering Code Large Language Models with Evol-Instructcited by 733
  6. 2022Large Language Models Can Self-Improvecited by 664
  7. 2022PAL: Program-aided Language Modelscited by 652
  8. 2015Causal inference using invariant prediction: identification and confidence intervalscited by 536
  9. 2023MAmmoTH: Building Math Generalist Models through Hybrid Instruction Tuningcited by 487
  10. 2021A Survey of Data Augmentation Approaches for NLPcited by 409
  11. 2018Detecting and Correcting for Label Shift with Black Box Predictorscited by 366
  12. 2021A Diverse Corpus for Evaluating and Developing English Math Word Problem Solverscited by 318
  13. 2020Environment Inference for Invariant Learningcited by 306
  14. 2023Platypus: Quick, Cheap, and Powerful Refinement of LLMscited by 150
  15. 2019Stable Learning via Sample Reweightingcited by 70
  16. 2020Stable Prediction with Model Misspecification and Agnostic Distribution Shiftcited by 62
  17. 2023Diagnosing Model Performance Under Distribution Shiftcited by 39

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 16; 2025: 20; 2026: 6.

45 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2024Qwen2.5-Math Technical Report: Toward Mathematical Expert Model via Self-Improvementcited by 1,090
  2. 2024We-Math: Does Your Large Multimodal Model Achieve Human-like Mathematical Reasoning?cited by 286
  3. 2025DeepMath-103K: A Large-Scale, Challenging, Decontaminated, and Verifiable Mathematical Dataset for Advancing Reasoningcited by 280
  4. 2024OpenMathInstruct-2: Accelerating AI for Math with Massive Open-Source Instruction Datacited by 200
  5. 2024InternLM-Math: Open Math Large Language Models Toward Verifiable Reasoningcited by 119
  6. 2024Common 7B Language Models Already Possess Strong Math Capabilitiescited by 109
  7. 2023Learning From Mistakes Makes LLM Better Reasonercited by 101
  8. 2023OVM, Outcome-supervised Value Models for Planning in Mathematical Reasoningcited by 85
  9. 2024A Survey of Mathematical Reasoning in the Era of Multimodal Large Language Model: Benchmark, Method & Challengescited by 55
  10. 2025Exploring the Limit of Outcome Reward for Learning Mathematical Reasoningcited by 52
  11. 2025A Survey on Large Language Models for Mathematical Reasoningcited by 52
  12. 2025MathFusion: Enhancing Mathematical Problem-solving of LLM through Instruction Fusioncited by 30
33 more
  1. 2024Self-Training with Direct Preference Optimization Improves Chain-of-Thought Reasoningcited by 26
  2. 2023Revisit Input Perturbation Problems for LLMs: A Unified Robustness Evaluation Framework for Noisy Slot Filling Taskcited by 23
  3. 2024MuMath-Code: Combining Tool-Use Large Language Models with Multi-perspective Data Augmentation for Mathematical Reasoningcited by 22
  4. 2025LEMMA: Learning from Errors for MatheMatical Advancement in LLMscited by 21
  5. 2025Mid-Training of Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 21
  6. 2024DotaMath: Decomposition of Thought with Code Assistance and Self-correction for Mathematical Reasoningcited by 19
  7. 2026Harder Is Better: Boosting Mathematical Reasoning via Difficulty-Aware GRPO and Multi-Aspect Question Reformulationcited by 19
  8. 2024Learn Beyond The Answer: Training Language Models with Reflection for Mathematical Reasoningcited by 15
  9. 2024BEATS: Optimizing LLM Mathematical Capabilities with BackVerify and Adaptive Disambiguate based Efficient Tree Searchcited by 13
  10. 2024Toward General Instruction-Following Alignment for Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 9
  11. 2025A Strategic Coordination Framework of Small LLMs Matches Large LLMs in Data Synthesiscited by 9
  12. 2024An Empirical Study of Data Ability Boundary in LLMs' Math Reasoningcited by 7
  13. 2025TreeSynth: Synthesizing Diverse Data from Scratch via Tree-Guided Subspace Partitioningcited by 7
  14. 2025SPARQ: Synthetic Problem Generation for Reasoning via Quality-Diversity Algorithmscited by 7
  15. 2024VCSearch: Bridging the Gap Between Well-Defined and Ill-Defined Problems in Mathematical Reasoningcited by 6
  16. 2025ScaleDiff: Scaling Difficult Problems for Advanced Mathematical Reasoningcited by 6
  17. 2026Long-Chain Reasoning Distillation via Adaptive Prefix Alignmentcited by 6
  18. 2026Data Science and Technology Towards AGI Part I: Tiered Data Managementcited by 4
  19. 2025DAST: Difficulty-Aware Self-Training on Large Language Modelscited by 3
  20. 2025Enhancing Long-Chain Reasoning Distillation through Error-Aware Self-Reflectioncited by 3
  21. 2026Beyond Rejection Sampling: Trajectory Fusion for Scaling Mathematical Reasoningcited by 3
  22. 2025Matching Markets Meet LLMs: Algorithmic Reasoning with Ranked Preferencescited by 2
  23. 2024Curriculum-style Data Augmentation for LLM-based Metaphor Detectioncited by 1
  24. 2025RV-Syn: Rational and Verifiable Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis based on Structured Function Librarycited by 1
  25. 2025WarriorMath: Enhancing the Mathematical Ability of Large Language Models with a Defect-aware Frameworkcited by 1
  26. 2025Dataset Construction for Training LLM to Learn Analog Circuit Knowledgecited by 1
  27. 2025From Static to Dynamic: Adaptive Monte Carlo Search for Mathematical Process Supervisioncited by 1
  28. 2024SAAS: Solving Ability Amplification Strategy for Enhanced Mathematical Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 0
  29. 2025The Ratchet Effect in Silico: How Interaction Drives Cumulative Intelligence in Large Language Modelscited by 0
  30. 2025AdaR: A Framework for Equipping LLMs with Adaptive Reasoningcited by 0
  31. 2025Balancing Synthetic Data and Replay for Enhancing Task-Specific Capabilitiescited by 0
  32. 2026Adaptive Problem Generation via Symbolic Representationscited by 0
  33. 2026When Tokenization is Secretly Output Supervisioncited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024MATHSENSEI: A Tool-Augmented Large Language Model for Mathematical Reasoning
  2. 2024MindStar: Enhancing Math Reasoning in Pre-trained LLMs at Inference Time
  3. 2025More Data or Better Data? A Critical Analysis of Data Selection and Synthesis for Mathematical Reasoning
  4. 2025MARGE: Improving Math Reasoning for LLMs with Guided Exploration
  5. 2025Do LLMs Overthink Basic Math Reasoning? Benchmarking the Accuracy-Efficiency Tradeoff in Language Models
  6. 2024MathHay: An Automated Benchmark for Long-Context Mathematical Reasoning in LLMs
  7. 2025Mathematical Reasoning in Large Language Models: Assessing Logical and Arithmetic Errors across Wide Numerical Ranges
  8. 2024GSM-Plus: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating the Robustness of LLMs as Mathematical Problem Solvers