Toolink: Linking Toolkit Creation and Using through Chain-of-Solving on Open-Source Model
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Abstract (arXiv)
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in utilizing tools, but their closed-source nature and high inference costs pose limitations on their adaptability, necessitating a valid method that leverages smaller, open-sourced models. In this paper, we introduce Toolink, a comprehensive framework that performs task-solving by first creating a toolkit and then integrating the planning and calling of tools through a chain-of-solving (CoS) approach. We first validate the efficacy of Toolink in harnessing the model's creativity and CoS ability on ChatGPT. Subsequently, we curate CoS-GPT, a chain-of-solving dataset designed for tool-using, and finetune the LLaMA-7B model. It results in LLaMA-CoS, a powerful open-source model with advanced tool-planning and tool-calling capabilities. Evaluation of diverse tasks from BIG-bench demonstrates its CoS ability matches that of ChatGPT while its performance surpasses the chain-of-thought approach. Further studies highlight the generalization of LLaMA-CoS to unseen tasks and showcase its capability in using toolkits not explicitly tailored for the target task, affirming its robustness in real-world scenarios.
Key facts. Cited by 29 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 38 of its 41 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Oct 2023.
Builds on
38 of 41 references.
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 8; 2025: 13; 2026: 8.
29 papers.
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- 2025UserBench: An Interactive Gym Environment for User-Centric Agentscited by 76
- 2024Tell Me More! Towards Implicit User Intention Understanding of Language Model Driven Agentscited by 74
- 2025Retrieval Models Aren't Tool-Savvy: Benchmarking Tool Retrieval for Large Language Modelscited by 47
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12 most cited of 15 All 15 (JSON)
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- 2026IEA: Amateur-Friendly Conversational Image Editing Agent via Three Stages of Multitask Alignment6 Jun 2026
- 2026PEARL: Plan Exploration and Adaptive Reinforcement Learning for Multihop Tool Use28 Jan 2026
- 2025UserBench: An Interactive Gym Environment for User-Centric Agents29 Jul 2025
- 2025ToolRL: Reward is All Tool Learning Needs16 Apr 2025
- 2025Large Language Model Agent: A Survey on Methodology, Applications and Challenges27 Mar 2025
- 2025Retrieval Models Aren't Tool-Savvy: Benchmarking Tool Retrieval for Large Language Models3 Mar 2025
- 2025Divide-Then-Aggregate: An Efficient Tool Learning Method via Parallel Tool Invocation21 Jan 2025
- 2024EscapeBench: Towards Advancing Creative Intelligence of Language Model Agents18 Dec 2024
- 2024Proactive Agent: Shifting LLM Agents from Reactive Responses to Active Assistance16 Oct 2024
- 2024A Review of Large Language Models and Autonomous Agents in Chemistry26 Jun 2024
12 newest of 15 All 15 (JSON)
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- 2025MENTOR: Reinforcement Learning via Flexible Teacher-Optimized Rewards for Tool-Use Distillationcited by 2
- 2026Multi-Field Tool Retrievalcited by 2
- 2026DiG-Plan: Mitigating Early Commitment for Tool-Graph Planning via Diffusion Guidancecited by 1
- 2026GRAFT: Graph-Tokenized LLMs for Tool Planningcited by 0
- 2026DiG-Plan: Mitigating Early Commitment for Tool-Graph Planning via Diffusion Guidance4 Jun 2026
- 2026GRAFT: Graph-Tokenized LLMs for Tool Planning12 May 2026
- 2026Tool-Genesis: A Task-Driven Tool Creation Benchmark for Self-Evolving Language Agent5 Mar 2026
- 2026Multi-Field Tool Retrieval5 Feb 2026
- 2025MENTOR: Reinforcement Learning via Flexible Teacher-Optimized Rewards for Tool-Use Distillation21 Oct 2025
- 2025xRouter: Training Cost-Aware LLMs Orchestration System via Reinforcement Learning9 Oct 2025
- 2025GTool: Graph Enhanced Tool Planning with Large Language Model18 Aug 2025
- 2025Schema as Parameterized Tools for Universal Information Extraction2 Jun 2025
- 2024SoAy: A Solution-based LLM API-using Methodology for Academic Information Seeking24 May 2024
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