mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

PromptVC: Flexible Stylistic Voice Conversion in Latent Space Driven by Natural Language Prompts

arXiv 2309.09262 ↗First posted 17 Sep 2023eess.AS cs.SDcited by 18

On the map: Diffusion models → Audio, speech and music

Abstract (arXiv)

Style voice conversion aims to transform the style of source speech to a desired style according to real-world application demands. However, the current style voice conversion approach relies on pre-defined labels or reference speech to control the conversion process, which leads to limitations in style diversity or falls short in terms of the intuitive and interpretability of style representation. In this study, we propose PromptVC, a novel style voice conversion approach that employs a latent diffusion model to generate a style vector driven by natural language prompts. Specifically, the style vector is extracted by a style encoder during training, and then the latent diffusion model is trained independently to sample the style vector from noise, with this process being conditioned on natural language prompts. To improve style expressiveness, we leverage HuBERT to extract discrete tokens and replace them with the K-Means center embedding to serve as the linguistic content, which minimizes residual style information. Additionally, we deduplicate the same discrete token and employ a differentiable duration predictor to re-predict the duration of each token, which can adapt the duration of the same linguistic content to different styles. The subjective and objective evaluation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed system.

Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Audio, speech and music, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 22 of its 28 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Sep 2023.

Builds on

22 of 28 references.

References · 22

  1. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  2. 2021HuBERT: Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning by Masked Prediction of Hidden Unitscited by 2,301
  3. 2016WaveNet: A Generative Model for Raw Audiocited by 1,710
  4. 2020FastSpeech 2: Fast and High-Quality End-to-End Text to Speechcited by 710
  5. 2021Conditional Variational Autoencoder with Adversarial Learning for End-to-End Text-to-Speechcited by 555
  6. 2018Style Tokens: Unsupervised Style Modeling, Control and Transfer in End-to-End Speech Synthesiscited by 257
  7. 2020Seen and Unseen emotional style transfer for voice conversion with a new emotional speech datasetcited by 119
  8. 2021Emotional Voice Conversion: Theory, Databases and ESDcited by 113
  9. 2020An Overview of Voice Conversion and its Challenges: From Statistical Modeling to Deep Learningcited by 111
  10. 2022PromptTTS: Controllable Text-to-Speech with Text Descriptionscited by 106
  11. 2021Meta-StyleSpeech : Multi-Speaker Adaptive Text-to-Speech Generationcited by 93
  12. 2023InstructTTS: Modelling Expressive TTS in Discrete Latent Space with Natural Language Style Promptcited by 90
10 more
  1. 2023PromptStyle: Controllable Style Transfer for Text-to-Speech with Natural Language Descriptionscited by 33
  2. 2020Converting Anyone's Emotion: Towards Speaker-Independent Emotional Voice Conversioncited by 22
  3. 2019Unsupervised End-to-End Learning of Discrete Linguistic Units for Voice Conversioncited by 12
  4. 2021Expressive Voice Conversion: A Joint Framework for Speaker Identity and Emotional Style Transfercited by 10
  5. 2022Self-supervised Context-aware Style Representation for Expressive Speech Synthesiscited by 10
  6. 2022Cross-speaker style transfer for text-to-speech using data augmentationcited by 9
  7. 2023Nonparallel Emotional Voice Conversion For Unseen Speaker-Emotion Pairs Using Dual Domain Adversarial Network & Virtual Domain Pairingcited by 9
  8. 2021One-shot Voice Conversion For Style Transfer Based On Speaker Adaptationcited by 4
  9. 2022Preserving background sound in noise-robust voice conversion via multi-task learningcited by 2
  10. 2022Distinguishable Speaker Anonymization based on Formant and Fundamental Frequency Scalingcited by 2

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 9; 2025: 7; 2026: 2.

18 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2024Prompt-Singer: Controllable Singing-Voice-Synthesis with Natural Language Promptcited by 12
  2. 2024Voice Attribute Editing with Text Promptcited by 9
  3. 2024Takin: A Cohort of Superior Quality Zero-shot Speech Generation Modelscited by 7
  4. 2025Multilingual Source Tracing of Speech Deepfakes: A First Benchmarkcited by 7
  5. 2024PSCodec: A Series of High-Fidelity Low-bitrate Neural Speech Codecs Leveraging Prompt Encoderscited by 3
  6. 2024SoundMorpher: Perceptually-Uniform Sound Morphing with Diffusion Modelcited by 3
  7. 2024Zero-Shot Voice Conversion via Content-Aware Timbre Ensemble and Conditional Flow Matchingcited by 3
  8. 2025ClapFM-EVC: High-Fidelity and Flexible Emotional Voice Conversion with Dual Control from Natural Language and Speechcited by 3
  9. 2024Factor-Conditioned Speaking-Style Captioningcited by 2
  10. 2025Unispeaker: A Unified Approach for Multimodality-driven Speaker Generationcited by 2
  11. 2025Emotion Recognition and Generation: A Comprehensive Review of Face, Speech, and Text Modalitiescited by 2
  12. 2025NaturalVoices: A Large-Scale, Spontaneous and Emotional Podcast Dataset for Voice Conversioncited by 2
6 more
  1. 2024Takin-VC: Expressive Zero-Shot Voice Conversion via Adaptive Hybrid Content Encoding and Enhanced Timbre Modelingcited by 1
  2. 2025Rhythm Controllable and Efficient Zero-Shot Voice Conversion via Shortcut Flow Matchingcited by 1
  3. 2024S2Cap: A Benchmark and a Baseline for Singing Style Captioningcited by 0
  4. 2025Degrading Voice: A Comprehensive Overview of Robust Voice Conversion Through Input Manipulationcited by 0
  5. 2026TargetSEC: Plug-and-Play In-the-Wild Speech Emotion Conversion via Arousal-Conditioned Latent Style Diffusioncited by 0
  6. 2026Scalable Direction-Following TTS via Voice Impression-Guided Pseudo Triplet Constructioncited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Text-Driven Voice Conversion via Latent State-Space Modeling ↗
  2. 2023Stylebook: Content-Dependent Speaking Style Modeling for Any-to-Any Voice Conversion using Only Speech Data
  3. 2023StyleTTS 2: Towards Human-Level Text-to-Speech through Style Diffusion and Adversarial Training with Large Speech Language Models
  4. 2025ZSVC: Zero-shot Style Voice Conversion with Disentangled Latent Diffusion Models and Adversarial Training
  5. 2026S2Voice: Style-Aware Autoregressive Modeling with Enhanced Conditioning for Singing Style Conversion
  6. 2026Unlocking Fine-Grained and Within-Utterance Speaking Style Control in Prompt-Based Text-to-Speech Models
  7. 2025ReverBERT: A State Space Model for Efficient Text-Driven Speech Style Transfer
  8. 2026StyleStream: Real-Time Zero-Shot Voice Style Conversion