Thespian: Multi-Character Text Role-Playing Game Agents
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Abstract (arXiv)
Text-adventure games and text role-playing games are grand challenges for reinforcement learning game playing agents. Text role-playing games are open-ended environments where an agent must faithfully play a particular character. We consider the distinction between characters and actors, where an actor agent has the ability to play multiple characters. We present a framework we call a thespian agent that can learn to emulate multiple characters along with a soft prompt that can be used to direct it as to which character to play at any time. We further describe an attention mechanism that allows the agent to learn new characters that are based on previously learned characters in a few-shot fashion. We show that our agent outperforms the state of the art agent framework in multi-character learning and few-shot learning.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 23 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Aug 2023.
Builds on
18 of 23 references.
References · 18
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
- 2017Graph Attention Networkscited by 8,854
- 2016Layer Normalizationcited by 5,579
- 2021The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuningcited by 3,769
- 2016Asynchronous Methods for Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 2,218
- 2019Interactive Fiction Games: A Colossal Adventurecited by 165
- 2016An Actor-Critic Algorithm for Sequence Predictioncited by 158
- 2019Learning to Speak and Act in a Fantasy Text Adventure Gamecited by 122
- 2020Graph Constrained Reinforcement Learning for Natural Language Action Spacescited by 80
- 2015Language Understanding for Text-based Games Using Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 70
6 more
- 2018Playing Text-Adventure Games with Graph-Based Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 53
- 2020How to Avoid Being Eaten by a Grue: Structured Exploration Strategies for Textual Worldscited by 38
- 2020How to Motivate Your Dragon: Teaching Goal-Driven Agents to Speak and Act in Fantasy Worldscited by 35
- 2022Dungeons and Dragons as a Dialog Challenge for Artificial Intelligencecited by 35
- 2022Model ensemble instead of prompt fusion: a sample-specific knowledge transfer method for few-shot prompt tuningcited by 9
- 2023Story Shaping: Teaching Agents Human-like Behavior with Storiescited by 7
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 3; 2025: 2.
6 papers.
- 2024PersonaGym: Evaluating Persona Agents and LLMscited by 89
- 2024LLM Discussion: Enhancing the Creativity of Large Language Models via Discussion Framework and Role-Playcited by 65
- 2023Assessing Logical Puzzle Solving in Large Language Models: Insights from a Minesweeper Case Studycited by 14
- 2024Unbounded: A Generative Infinite Game of Character Life Simulationcited by 14
- 2025TALES: Text Adventure Learning Environment Suitecited by 9
- 2025ByteSized32Refactored: Towards an Extensible Interactive Text Games Corpus for LLM World Modeling and Evaluationcited by 0
- 2025ByteSized32Refactored: Towards an Extensible Interactive Text Games Corpus for LLM World Modeling and Evaluation28 Sep 2025
- 2025TALES: Text Adventure Learning Environment Suite19 Apr 2025
- 2024Unbounded: A Generative Infinite Game of Character Life Simulation24 Oct 2024
- 2024PersonaGym: Evaluating Persona Agents and LLMs25 Jul 2024
- 2024LLM Discussion: Enhancing the Creativity of Large Language Models via Discussion Framework and Role-Play10 May 2024
- 2023Assessing Logical Puzzle Solving in Large Language Models: Insights from a Minesweeper Case Study13 Nov 2023