mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Becoming self-instruct: introducing early stopping criteria for minimal instruct tuning

arXiv 2307.03692 ↗First posted 5 Jul 2023cs.CL cs.AIcited by 13

On the map: Synthetic data and self-improvement for LLMs → Code and instruction data synthesis

Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we introduce the Instruction Following Score (IFS), a metric that detects language models' ability to follow instructions. The metric has a dual purpose. First, IFS can be used to distinguish between base and instruct models. We benchmark publicly available base and instruct models, and show that the ratio of well formatted responses to partial and full sentences can be an effective measure between those two model classes. Secondly, the metric can be used as an early stopping criteria for instruct tuning. We compute IFS for Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) of 7B and 13B LLaMA models, showing that models learn to follow instructions relatively early in the training process, and the further finetuning can result in changes in the underlying base model semantics. As an example of semantics change we show the objectivity of model predictions, as defined by an auxiliary metric ObjecQA. We show that in this particular case, semantic changes are the steepest when the IFS tends to plateau. We hope that decomposing instruct tuning into IFS and semantic factors starts a new trend in better controllable instruct tuning and opens possibilities for designing minimal instruct interfaces querying foundation models.

Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Code and instruction data synthesis, one of 13 directions in Synthetic data and self-improvement for LLMs. Builds on 16 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Jul 2023.

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16 of 31 references.

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  1. 2022Self-Instruct: Aligning Language Models with Self-Generated Instructions20 Dec

Other references · 15

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  2. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  3. 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
  4. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  5. 2015Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Networkcited by 10,076
  6. 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,768
  7. 2022OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Modelscited by 3,464
  8. 2022Emergent Abilities of Large Language Modelscited by 2,483
  9. 2020The Pile: An 800GB Dataset of Diverse Text for Language Modelingcited by 2,346
  10. 2023LIMA: Less Is More for Alignmentcited by 1,080
  11. 2023The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuningcited by 734
  12. 2022Fine-Tuning can Distort Pretrained Features and Underperform Out-of-Distributioncited by 722
3 more
  1. 2023OpenAssistant Conversations -- Democratizing Large Language Model Alignmentcited by 712
  2. 2023The False Promise of Imitating Proprietary LLMscited by 254
  3. 2023Maybe Only 0.5% Data is Needed: A Preliminary Exploration of Low Training Data Instruction Tuningcited by 56

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Citing papers per year: 2023: 7; 2024: 4; 2025: 2.

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  1. 2025IF-CRITIC: Towards a Fine-Grained LLM Critic for Instruction-Following Evaluation
  2. 2025Training with Pseudo-Code for Instruction Following
  3. 2024Non-instructional Fine-tuning: Enabling Instruction-Following Capabilities in Pre-trained Language Models without Instruction-Following Data
  4. 2025Shadow-FT: Tuning Instruct Model via Training on Paired Base Model
  5. 2023Tuna: Instruction Tuning using Feedback from Large Language Models
  6. 2025CYCLE-INSTRUCT: Fully Seed-Free Instruction Tuning via Dual Self-Training and Cycle Consistency
  7. 2026GIFT: Guided Fine-Tuning and Transfer for Enhancing Instruction-Tuned Language Models
  8. 2023FollowEval: A Multi-Dimensional Benchmark for Assessing the Instruction-Following Capability of Large Language Models