mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

A Survey on ChatGPT: AI-Generated Contents, Challenges, and Solutions

arXiv 2305.18339 ↗First posted 25 May 2023cs.CY cs.AI cs.CLcited by 34

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Abstract (arXiv)

With the widespread use of large artificial intelligence (AI) models such as ChatGPT, AI-generated content (AIGC) has garnered increasing attention and is leading a paradigm shift in content creation and knowledge representation. AIGC uses generative large AI algorithms to assist or replace humans in creating massive, high-quality, and human-like content at a faster pace and lower cost, based on user-provided prompts. Despite the recent significant progress in AIGC, security, privacy, ethical, and legal challenges still need to be addressed. This paper presents an in-depth survey of working principles, security and privacy threats, state-of-the-art solutions, and future challenges of the AIGC paradigm. Specifically, we first explore the enabling technologies, general architecture of AIGC, and discuss its working modes and key characteristics. Then, we investigate the taxonomy of security and privacy threats to AIGC and highlight the ethical and societal implications of GPT and AIGC technologies. Furthermore, we review the state-of-the-art AIGC watermarking approaches for regulatable AIGC paradigms regarding the AIGC model and its produced content. Finally, we identify future challenges and open research directions related to AIGC.

Key facts. Cited by 34 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 58 of its 118 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 May 2023.

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58 of 118 references.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 6; 2024: 18; 2025: 9; 2026: 1.

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  1. 2024Risk Taxonomy, Mitigation, and Assessment Benchmarks of Large Language Model Systemscited by 63
  2. 2024Are We in the AI-Generated Text World Already? Quantifying and Monitoring AIGT on Social Mediacited by 35
  3. 2024Large Language Models for UAVs: Current State and Pathways to the Futurecited by 33
  4. 2023Integration of Large Language Models and Federated Learningcited by 28
  5. 2024Large Model Based Agents: State-of-the-Art, Cooperation Paradigms, Security and Privacy, and Future Trendscited by 26
  6. 2024CPLIP: Zero-Shot Learning for Histopathology with Comprehensive Vision-Language Alignmentcited by 20
  7. 2024Mapping the Ethics of Generative AI: A Comprehensive Scoping Reviewcited by 19
  8. 2024Generative AI for the Optimization of Next-Generation Wireless Networks: Basics, State-of-the-Art, and Open Challengescited by 14
  9. 2025Robustness and Cybersecurity in the EU Artificial Intelligence Actcited by 10
  10. 2023A Wireless AI-Generated Content (AIGC) Provisioning Framework Empowered by Semantic Communicationcited by 8
  11. 2024Risks, Causes, and Mitigations of Widespread Deployments of Large Language Models (LLMs): A Surveycited by 8
  12. 2025HELIOS: Adaptive Model And Early-Exit Selection for Efficient LLM Inference Servingcited by 8
22 more
  1. 2024U Can't Gen This? A Survey of Intellectual Property Protection Methods for Data in Generative AIcited by 7
  2. 2024Evaluating AI-generated code for C++, Fortran, Go, Java, Julia, Matlab, Python, R, and Rustcited by 5
  3. 2026SLICE: Semantic Latent Injection via Compartmentalized Embedding for Image Watermarkingcited by 5
  4. 2023Protect Your Prompts: Protocols for IP Protection in LLM Applicationscited by 4
  5. 2023BC4LLM: Trusted Artificial Intelligence When Blockchain Meets Large Language Modelscited by 4
  6. 2024Computing Within Limits: An Empirical Study of Energy Consumption in ML Training and Inferencecited by 4
  7. 2023Privacy Preservation in Artificial Intelligence and Extended Reality (AI-XR) Metaverses: A Surveycited by 3
  8. 2025Toxicity in Online Platforms and AI Systems: A Survey of Needs, Challenges, Mitigations, and Future Directionscited by 3
  9. 2024Detecting AI Generated Text Based on NLP and Machine Learning Approachescited by 2
  10. 2024Evaluating the Efficacy of Large Language Models in Identifying Phishing Attemptscited by 2
  11. 2024From Cool Demos to Production-Ready FMware: Core Challenges and a Technology Roadmapcited by 2
  12. 2025Did ChatGPT or Copilot use alter the style of internet news headlines? A time series regression analysiscited by 2
  13. 2025Green MLOps to Green GenOps: An Empirical Study of Energy Consumption in Discriminative and Generative AI Operationscited by 2
  14. 2023ChatGPT and Persuasive Technologies for the Management and Delivery of Personalized Recommendations in Hotel Hospitalitycited by 1
  15. 2024Cryptocurrency Frauds for Dummies: How ChatGPT introduces us to fraud?cited by 0
  16. 2024RO-SVD: A Reconfigurable Hardware Copyright Protection Framework for AIGC Applicationscited by 0
  17. 2024Thorns and Algorithms: Navigating Generative AI Challenges Inspired by Giraffes and Acaciascited by 0
  18. 2024The Evolution and Future Perspectives of Artificial Intelligence Generated Contentcited by 0
  19. 2025Strategic Prompt Pricing for AIGC Services: A User-Centric Approachcited by 0
  20. 2025Impact and Implications of Generative AI for Enterprise Architects in Agile Environments: A Systematic Literature Reviewcited by 0
  21. 2025FUSE: Unifying Spectral and Semantic Cues for Robust AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 0
  22. 2025A survey: Information search time optimization based on RAG (Retrieval Augmentation Generation) chatbotcited by 0