mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Photoswap: Personalized Subject Swapping in Images

arXiv 2305.18286 ↗First posted 29 May 2023cs.CV cs.AIcited by 47

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Cited by 20 in Diffusion models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

In an era where images and visual content dominate our digital landscape, the ability to manipulate and personalize these images has become a necessity. Envision seamlessly substituting a tabby cat lounging on a sunlit window sill in a photograph with your own playful puppy, all while preserving the original charm and composition of the image. We present Photoswap, a novel approach that enables this immersive image editing experience through personalized subject swapping in existing images. Photoswap first learns the visual concept of the subject from reference images and then swaps it into the target image using pre-trained diffusion models in a training-free manner. We establish that a well-conceptualized visual subject can be seamlessly transferred to any image with appropriate self-attention and cross-attention manipulation, maintaining the pose of the swapped subject and the overall coherence of the image. Comprehensive experiments underscore the efficacy and controllability of Photoswap in personalized subject swapping. Furthermore, Photoswap significantly outperforms baseline methods in human ratings across subject swapping, background preservation, and overall quality, revealing its vast application potential, from entertainment to professional editing.

Key facts. Cited by 47 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 43 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 May 2023.

Builds on

43 of 52 references.

References · 43

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  2. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,713
  3. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
  4. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,781
  5. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,355
  6. 2018A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 6,013
  7. 2022Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,627
  8. 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 5,503
  9. 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Modelscited by 3,614
  10. 2022DreamBooth: Fine Tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Subject-Driven Generationcited by 3,300
  11. 2018Large Scale GAN Training for High Fidelity Natural Image Synthesiscited by 2,626
  12. 2022Prompt-to-Prompt Image Editing with Cross Attention Controlcited by 2,431
31 more
  1. 2022An Image is Worth One Word: Personalizing Text-to-Image Generation using Textual Inversioncited by 2,245
  2. 2021SDEdit: Guided Image Synthesis and Editing with Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 1,937
  3. 2022Null-text Inversion for Editing Real Images using Guided Diffusion Modelscited by 1,179
  4. 2022Imagic: Text-Based Real Image Editing with Diffusion Modelscited by 1,178
  5. 2022Multi-Concept Customization of Text-to-Image Diffusioncited by 1,106
  6. 2022Plug-and-Play Diffusion Features for Text-Driven Image-to-Image Translationcited by 906
  7. 2018Multimodal Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translationcited by 795
  8. 2023GLIGEN: Open-Set Grounded Text-to-Image Generationcited by 781
  9. 2021Vector Quantized Diffusion Model for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 774
  10. 2023MasaCtrl: Tuning-Free Mutual Self-Attention Control for Consistent Image Synthesis and Editingcited by 727
  11. 2021CogView: Mastering Text-to-Image Generation via Transformerscited by 694
  12. 2022DiffEdit: Diffusion-based semantic image editing with mask guidancecited by 647
  13. 2022Paint by Example: Exemplar-based Image Editing with Diffusion Modelscited by 489
  14. 2023BLIP-Diffusion: Pre-trained Subject Representation for Controllable Text-to-Image Generation and Editingcited by 442
  15. 2022Training-Free Structured Diffusion Guidance for Compositional Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 388
  16. 2022VQGAN-CLIP: Open Domain Image Generation and Editing with Natural Language Guidancecited by 285
  17. 2023Stable Bias: Analyzing Societal Representations in Diffusion Modelscited by 226
  18. 2022Re-Imagen: Retrieval-Augmented Text-to-Image Generatorcited by 210
  19. 2023Encoder-based Domain Tuning for Fast Personalization of Text-to-Image Modelscited by 203
  20. 2021StyTr2: Image Style Transfer with Transformerscited by 187
  21. 2022ReCo: Region-Controlled Text-to-Image Generationcited by 179
  22. 2021AdaAttN: Revisit Attention Mechanism in Arbitrary Neural Style Transfercited by 178
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  25. 2021Instance-Conditioned GANcited by 121
  26. 2020Cross-domain Correspondence Learning for Exemplar-based Image Translationcited by 116
  27. 2023Analyzing Bias in Diffusion-based Face Generation Modelscited by 46
  28. 2022SceneComposer: Any-Level Semantic Image Synthesiscited by 43
  29. 2021High-Resolution Complex Scene Synthesis with Transformerscited by 31
  30. 2019Example-Guided Style Consistent Image Synthesis from Semantic Labelingcited by 29
  31. 2022MIDMs: Matching Interleaved Diffusion Models for Exemplar-based Image Translationcited by 22

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 10; 2024: 24; 2025: 11; 2026: 2.

47 papers.

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  1. 2024Diffusion Model-Based Image Editing: A Surveycited by 212
  2. 2023VIEScore: Towards Explainable Metrics for Conditional Image Synthesis Evaluationcited by 201
  3. 2023Guiding Instruction-based Image Editing via Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 185
  4. 2023ImagenHub: Standardizing the evaluation of conditional image generation modelscited by 77
  5. 2023VideoSwap: Customized Video Subject Swapping with Interactive Semantic Point Correspondencecited by 69
  6. 2024IMPRINT: Generative Object Compositing by Learning Identity-Preserving Representationcited by 64
  7. 2024DreamMatcher: Appearance Matching Self-Attention for Semantically-Consistent Text-to-Image Personalizationcited by 60
  8. 2023FaceStudio: Put Your Face Everywhere in Secondscited by 53
  9. 2024Drag Your Noise: Interactive Point-based Editing via Diffusion Semantic Propagationcited by 51
  10. 2024Diffusion Model-Based Video Editing: A Surveycited by 44
  11. 2023ControlCom: Controllable Image Composition using Diffusion Modelcited by 43
  12. 2024ConsistentID: Portrait Generation with Multimodal Fine-Grained Identity Preservingcited by 43
35 more
  1. 2023DreamEdit: Subject-driven Image Editingcited by 37
  2. 2024Generative Image Layer Decomposition with Visual Effectscited by 34
  3. 2024InstantSwap: Fast Customized Concept Swapping across Sharp Shape Differencescited by 34
  4. 2024A Survey on Personalized Content Synthesis with Diffusion Modelscited by 29
  5. 2023Text-to-Image Models for Counterfactual Explanations: a Black-Box Approachcited by 28
  6. 2024Edit Away and My Face Will not Stay: Personal Biometric Defense against Malicious Generative Editingcited by 21
  7. 2023DreamCom: Finetuning Text-guided Inpainting Model for Image Compositioncited by 17
  8. 2024DIVE: Taming DINO for Subject-Driven Video Editingcited by 17
  9. 2023MiniGPT-5: Interleaved Vision-and-Language Generation via Generative Vokenscited by 15
  10. 2024ReFIR: Grounding Large Restoration Models with Retrieval Augmentationcited by 15
  11. 2025A Unified Agentic Framework for Evaluating Conditional Image Generationcited by 15
  12. 2025T-LoRA: Single Image Diffusion Model Customization Without Overfittingcited by 15
  13. 2024PFStorer: Personalized Face Restoration and Super-Resolutioncited by 13
  14. 2024SwapAnything: Enabling Arbitrary Object Swapping in Personalized Visual Editingcited by 13
  15. 2024FAM Diffusion: Frequency and Attention Modulation for High-Resolution Image Generation with Stable Diffusioncited by 12
  16. 2024Eye-for-an-eye: Appearance Transfer with Semantic Correspondence in Diffusion Modelscited by 8
  17. 2025In-Context Brush: Zero-shot Customized Subject Insertion with Context-Aware Latent Space Manipulationcited by 7
  18. 2025Multi-party Collaborative Attention Control for Image Customizationcited by 6
  19. 2024DreamSteerer: Enhancing Source Image Conditioned Editability using Personalized Diffusion Modelscited by 5
  20. 2024Refine-by-Align: Reference-Guided Artifacts Refinement through Semantic Alignmentcited by 5
  21. 2024DreamBlend: Advancing Personalized Fine-tuning of Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 4
  22. 2024A-SDM: Accelerating Stable Diffusion through Model Assembly and Feature Inheritance Strategiescited by 3
  23. 2024Event-Customized Image Generationcited by 3
  24. 2025Beyond Fine-Tuning: A Systematic Study of Sampling Techniques in Personalized Image Generationcited by 3
  25. 2025Difference Inversion: Interpolate and Isolate the Difference with Token Consistency for Image Analogy Generationcited by 3
  26. 2024FPGA: Flexible Portrait Generation Approachcited by 2
  27. 2024Foundation Cures Personalization: Improving Personalized Models' Prompt Consistency via Hidden Foundation Knowledgecited by 2
  28. 2025Inversion-Free Video Style Transfer with Trajectory Reset Attention Control and Content-Style Bridgingcited by 2
  29. 2025Personalize Your Gaussian: Consistent 3D Scene Personalization from a Single Imagecited by 2
  30. 2025DreamBoothDPO: Improving Personalized Generation using Direct Preference Optimizationcited by 2
  31. 2024Layout-and-Retouch: A Dual-stage Framework for Improving Diversity in Personalized Image Generationcited by 1
  32. 2025Moodifier: MLLM-Enhanced Emotion-Driven Image Editingcited by 1
  33. 2026Towards Source-Aware Object Swapping with Initial Noise Perturbationcited by 1
  34. 2026MoKus: Leveraging Cross-Modal Knowledge Transfer for Knowledge-Aware Concept Customizationcited by 1
  35. 2025SPG: Style-Prompting Guidance for Style-Specific Content Creationcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026CRAFT: Constrained Reward via Attention Fine-Tuning for Subject Personalization without Composed Targets
  2. 2025FocusDPO: Dynamic Preference Optimization for Multi-Subject Personalized Image Generation via Adaptive Focus
  3. 2024MM-Diff: High-Fidelity Image Personalization via Multi-Modal Condition Integration
  4. 2026ReGain: Restoring Subject Fidelity in Personalization on Synthetic Images
  5. 2026LooseRoPE: Content-aware Attention Manipulation for Semantic Harmonization
  6. 2024Repositioning the Subject within Image
  7. 2024Magic Fixup: Streamlining Photo Editing by Watching Dynamic Videos
  8. 2026MS-CustomNet: Controllable Multi-Subject Customization with Hierarchical Relational Semantics