mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Introducing Explicit Gaze Constraints to Face Swapping

arXiv 2305.16138 ↗First posted 25 May 2023cs.CV cs.LGcited by 3

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Abstract (arXiv)

Face swapping combines one face's identity with another face's non-appearance attributes (expression, head pose, lighting) to generate a synthetic face. This technology is rapidly improving, but falls flat when reconstructing some attributes, particularly gaze. Image-based loss metrics that consider the full face do not effectively capture the perceptually important, yet spatially small, eye regions. Improving gaze in face swaps can improve naturalness and realism, benefiting applications in entertainment, human computer interaction, and more. Improved gaze will also directly improve Deepfake detection efforts, serving as ideal training data for classifiers that rely on gaze for classification. We propose a novel loss function that leverages gaze prediction to inform the face swap model during training and compare against existing methods. We find all methods to significantly benefit gaze in resulting face swaps.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 May 2023.

Builds on

28 of 48 references.

References · 28

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16 more
  1. 2016Coupled Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 216
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  6. 2021HifiFace: 3D Shape and Semantic Prior Guided High Fidelity Face Swappingcited by 92
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  11. 2021BlendGAN: Implicitly GAN Blending for Arbitrary Stylized Face Generationcited by 47
  12. 2019Cycle In Cycle Generative Adversarial Networks for Keypoint-Guided Image Generationcited by 34
  13. 2020How Do the Hearts of Deep Fakes Beat? Deep Fake Source Detection via Interpreting Residuals with Biological Signalscited by 29
  14. 2020Deepfakes for Medical Video De-Identification: Privacy Protection and Diagnostic Information Preservationcited by 13
  15. 2021Where Do Deep Fakes Look? Synthetic Face Detection via Gaze Trackingcited by 9
  16. 2022Practical Digital Disguises: Leveraging Face Swaps to Protect Patient Privacycited by 2

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 0; 2026: 1.

3 papers.