Multilingual Simplification of Medical Texts
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Automated text simplification aims to produce simple versions of complex texts. This task is especially useful in the medical domain, where the latest medical findings are typically communicated via complex and technical articles. This creates barriers for laypeople seeking access to up-to-date medical findings, consequently impeding progress on health literacy. Most existing work on medical text simplification has focused on monolingual settings, with the result that such evidence would be available only in just one language (most often, English). This work addresses this limitation via multilingual simplification, i.e., directly simplifying complex texts into simplified texts in multiple languages. We introduce MultiCochrane, the first sentence-aligned multilingual text simplification dataset for the medical domain in four languages: English, Spanish, French, and Farsi. We evaluate fine-tuned and zero-shot models across these languages, with extensive human assessments and analyses. Although models can now generate viable simplified texts, we identify outstanding challenges that this dataset might be used to address.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 May 2023.
Builds on
23 of 51 references.
References · 23
- 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,170
- 2019BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTcited by 5,512
- 2022Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language Modelscited by 3,024
- 2020mT5: A massively multilingual pre-trained text-to-text transformercited by 1,818
- 2018A Call for Clarity in Reporting BLEU Scorescited by 1,799
- 2018Massively Multilingual Sentence Embeddings for Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Transfer and Beyondcited by 434
- 2021XTREME-R: Towards More Challenging and Nuanced Multilingual Evaluationcited by 168
- 2020MLSUM: The Multilingual Summarization Corpuscited by 121
- 2017Sentence Simplification with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 109
- 2020Neural CRF Model for Sentence Alignment in Text Simplificationcited by 106
- 2022Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting in Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Generationcited by 62
- 2021Paragraph-level Simplification of Medical Textscited by 53
11 more
- 2020Automated Lay Language Summarization of Biomedical Scientific Reviewscited by 46
- 2020Expertise Style Transfer: A New Task Towards Better Communication between Experts and Laymencited by 45
- 2023Summarizing, Simplifying, and Synthesizing Medical Evidence Using GPT-3 (with Varying Success)cited by 40
- 2022Evaluating Factuality in Text Simplificationcited by 34
- 2019Controlling Text Complexity in Neural Machine Translationcited by 32
- 2020Elaborative Simplification: Content Addition and Explanation Generation in Text Simplificationcited by 27
- 2022Retrieval augmentation of large language models for lay language generationcited by 21
- 2021BiSECT: Learning to Split and Rephrase Sentences with Bitextscited by 18
- 2021Neural semi-Markov CRF for Monolingual Word Alignmentcited by 16
- 2023Med-EASi: Finely Annotated Dataset and Models for Controllable Simplification of Medical Textscited by 16
- 2020AutoMeTS: The Autocomplete for Medical Text Simplificationcited by 12
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 6; 2025: 2; 2026: 2.
13 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2023A Survey of Large Language Models in Medicine: Progress, Application, and Challengecited by 124
- 2024Multilingual Large Language Model: A Survey of Resources, Taxonomy and Frontierscited by 51
- 2024A Survey on Medical Large Language Models: Technology, Application, Trustworthiness, and Future Directionscited by 34
- 2024Large Language Model Benchmarks in Medical Taskscited by 17
- 2023Dancing Between Success and Failure: Edit-level Simplification Evaluation using SALSAcited by 15
- 2024Clinical Insights: A Comprehensive Review of Language Models in Medicinecited by 6
- 2023Medical Text Simplification: Optimizing for Readability with Unlikelihood Training and Reranked Beam Search Decodingcited by 3
- 2024Science Out of Its Ivory Tower: Improving Accessibility with Reinforcement Learningcited by 3
- 2024SiTSE: Sinhala Text Simplification Dataset and Evaluationcited by 3
- 2025Caught in the Web of Words: Do LLMs Fall for Spin in Medical Literature?cited by 3
- 2025Resource for Error Analysis in Text Simplification: New Taxonomy and Test Collectioncited by 2
- 2026OasisSimp: An Open-source Asian-English Sentence Simplification Datasetcited by 0
1 more
- 2026Large language models in medical time series analysiscited by 0
- 2026Large language models in medical time series analysis7 Sep 2026
- 2026OasisSimp: An Open-source Asian-English Sentence Simplification Dataset14 Mar 2026
- 2025Resource for Error Analysis in Text Simplification: New Taxonomy and Test Collection22 May 2025
- 2025Caught in the Web of Words: Do LLMs Fall for Spin in Medical Literature?11 Feb 2025
- 2024SiTSE: Sinhala Text Simplification Dataset and Evaluation2 Dec 2024
- 2024Large Language Model Benchmarks in Medical Tasks28 Oct 2024
- 2024Science Out of Its Ivory Tower: Improving Accessibility with Reinforcement Learning22 Oct 2024
- 2024Clinical Insights: A Comprehensive Review of Language Models in Medicine21 Aug 2024
- 2024A Survey on Medical Large Language Models: Technology, Application, Trustworthiness, and Future Directions6 Jun 2024
- 2024Multilingual Large Language Model: A Survey of Resources, Taxonomy and Frontiers7 Apr 2024
- 2023A Survey of Large Language Models in Medicine: Progress, Application, and Challenge9 Nov 2023
- 2023Medical Text Simplification: Optimizing for Readability with Unlikelihood Training and Reranked Beam Search Decoding17 Oct 2023
- 2023A Survey of Large Language Models in Medicine: Progress, Application, and Challengecited by 124
- 2024A Survey on Medical Large Language Models: Technology, Application, Trustworthiness, and Future Directionscited by 34
- 2024Large Language Model Benchmarks in Medical Taskscited by 17
- 2023Dancing Between Success and Failure: Edit-level Simplification Evaluation using SALSAcited by 15
- 2024Clinical Insights: A Comprehensive Review of Language Models in Medicinecited by 6
- 2023Medical Text Simplification: Optimizing for Readability with Unlikelihood Training and Reranked Beam Search Decodingcited by 3
- 2024SiTSE: Sinhala Text Simplification Dataset and Evaluationcited by 3
- 2025Caught in the Web of Words: Do LLMs Fall for Spin in Medical Literature?cited by 3
- 2025Resource for Error Analysis in Text Simplification: New Taxonomy and Test Collectioncited by 2
- 2026OasisSimp: An Open-source Asian-English Sentence Simplification Datasetcited by 0
- 2026Large language models in medical time series analysiscited by 0
- 2026Large language models in medical time series analysis7 Sep 2026
- 2026OasisSimp: An Open-source Asian-English Sentence Simplification Dataset14 Mar 2026
- 2025Resource for Error Analysis in Text Simplification: New Taxonomy and Test Collection22 May 2025
- 2025Caught in the Web of Words: Do LLMs Fall for Spin in Medical Literature?11 Feb 2025
- 2024SiTSE: Sinhala Text Simplification Dataset and Evaluation2 Dec 2024
- 2024Large Language Model Benchmarks in Medical Tasks28 Oct 2024
- 2024Clinical Insights: A Comprehensive Review of Language Models in Medicine21 Aug 2024
- 2024A Survey on Medical Large Language Models: Technology, Application, Trustworthiness, and Future Directions6 Jun 2024
- 2023A Survey of Large Language Models in Medicine: Progress, Application, and Challenge9 Nov 2023
- 2023Medical Text Simplification: Optimizing for Readability with Unlikelihood Training and Reranked Beam Search Decoding17 Oct 2023
- 2023Dancing Between Success and Failure: Edit-level Simplification Evaluation using SALSA23 May 2023