Identity Encoder for Personalized Diffusion
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Abstract (arXiv)
Many applications can benefit from personalized image generation models, including image enhancement, video conferences, just to name a few. Existing works achieved personalization by fine-tuning one model for each person. While being successful, this approach incurs additional computation and storage overhead for each new identity. Furthermore, it usually expects tens or hundreds of examples per identity to achieve the best performance. To overcome these challenges, we propose an encoder-based approach for personalization. We learn an identity encoder which can extract an identity representation from a set of reference images of a subject, together with a diffusion generator that can generate new images of the subject conditioned on the identity representation. Once being trained, the model can be used to generate images of arbitrary identities given a few examples even if the model hasn't been trained on the identity. Our approach greatly reduces the overhead for personalized image generation and is more applicable in many potential applications. Empirical results show that our approach consistently outperforms existing fine-tuning based approach in both image generation and reconstruction, and the outputs is preferred by users more than 95% of the time compared with the best performing baseline.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 31 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Apr 2023.
Builds on
31 of 35 references.
References · 31
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19 more
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 5; 2025: 2.
8 papers.
- 2023Orthogonal Adaptation for Modular Customization of Diffusion Modelscited by 70
- 2024DreamMatcher: Appearance Matching Self-Attention for Semantically-Consistent Text-to-Image Personalizationcited by 60
- 2024A Survey on Personalized Content Synthesis with Diffusion Modelscited by 29
- 2024PFStorer: Personalized Face Restoration and Super-Resolutioncited by 13
- 2024Improving Subject-Driven Image Synthesis with Subject-Agnostic Guidancecited by 6
- 2024Layout-and-Retouch: A Dual-stage Framework for Improving Diversity in Personalized Image Generationcited by 1
- 2025T2I-ConBench: Text-to-Image Benchmark for Continual Post-trainingcited by 1
- 2025Revisiting Diffusion Autoencoder Training for Image Reconstruction Qualitycited by 0
- 2025T2I-ConBench: Text-to-Image Benchmark for Continual Post-training22 May 2025
- 2025Revisiting Diffusion Autoencoder Training for Image Reconstruction Quality30 Apr 2025
- 2024Layout-and-Retouch: A Dual-stage Framework for Improving Diversity in Personalized Image Generation13 Jul 2024
- 2024A Survey on Personalized Content Synthesis with Diffusion Models9 May 2024
- 2024Improving Subject-Driven Image Synthesis with Subject-Agnostic Guidance2 May 2024
- 2024PFStorer: Personalized Face Restoration and Super-Resolution13 Mar 2024
- 2024DreamMatcher: Appearance Matching Self-Attention for Semantically-Consistent Text-to-Image Personalization15 Feb 2024
- 2023Orthogonal Adaptation for Modular Customization of Diffusion Models5 Dec 2023