EMP-SSL: Towards Self-Supervised Learning in One Training Epoch
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Recently, self-supervised learning (SSL) has achieved tremendous success in learning image representation. Despite the empirical success, most self-supervised learning methods are rather "inefficient" learners, typically taking hundreds of training epochs to fully converge. In this work, we show that the key towards efficient self-supervised learning is to increase the number of crops from each image instance. Leveraging one of the state-of-the-art SSL method, we introduce a simplistic form of self-supervised learning method called Extreme-Multi-Patch Self-Supervised-Learning (EMP-SSL) that does not rely on many heuristic techniques for SSL such as weight sharing between the branches, feature-wise normalization, output quantization, and stop gradient, etc, and reduces the training epochs by two orders of magnitude. We show that the proposed method is able to converge to 85.1% on CIFAR-10, 58.5% on CIFAR-100, 38.1% on Tiny ImageNet and 58.5% on ImageNet-100 in just one epoch. Furthermore, the proposed method achieves 91.5% on CIFAR-10, 70.1% on CIFAR-100, 51.5% on Tiny ImageNet and 78.9% on ImageNet-100 with linear probing in less than ten training epochs. In addition, we show that EMP-SSL shows significantly better transferability to out-of-domain datasets compared to baseline SSL methods. We will release the code in https://github.com/tsb0601/EMP-SSL.
Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Builds on 39 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Apr 2023.
Builds on
39 of 55 references.
References · 39
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,950
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,304
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,320
- 2020A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representationscited by 12,009
- 2019Momentum Contrast for Unsupervised Visual Representation Learningcited by 7,492
- 2021Masked Autoencoders Are Scalable Vision Learnerscited by 7,364
- 2020Bootstrap your own latent: A new approach to self-supervised Learningcited by 4,730
- 2020Exploring Simple Siamese Representation Learningcited by 2,860
- 2020Unsupervised Learning of Visual Features by Contrasting Cluster Assignmentscited by 2,850
- 2021BEiT: BERT Pre-Training of Image Transformerscited by 2,368
- 2018Unsupervised Feature Learning via Non-Parametric Instance-level Discriminationcited by 1,841
- 2021Barlow Twins: Self-Supervised Learning via Redundancy Reductioncited by 1,826
27 more
- 2016Unsupervised Learning of Visual Representations by Solving Jigsaw Puzzlescited by 1,381
- 2021VICReg: Variance-Invariance-Covariance Regularization for Self-Supervised Learningcited by 1,033
- 2017Large Batch Training of Convolutional Networkscited by 529
- 2020SCAN: Learning to Classify Images without Labelscited by 351
- 2020Whitening for Self-Supervised Representation Learningcited by 279
- 2019Approximating CNNs with Bag-of-local-Features models works surprisingly well on ImageNetcited by 260
- 2021Co2L: Contrastive Continual Learningcited by 244
- 2022MAGE: MAsked Generative Encoder to Unify Representation Learning and Image Synthesiscited by 225
- 2022Patches Are All You Need?cited by 201
- 2021Efficient Self-supervised Vision Transformers for Representation Learningcited by 149
- 2021Self-Supervised Models are Continual Learnerscited by 149
- 2020Learning Diverse and Discriminative Representations via the Principle of Maximal Coding Rate Reductioncited by 142
- 2021Solo-learn: A Library of Self-supervised Methods for Visual Representation Learningcited by 116
- 2020BYOL works even without batch statisticscited by 95
- 2021ReSSL: Relational Self-Supervised Learning with Weak Augmentationcited by 83
- 2020Learning Representations by Predicting Bags of Visual Wordscited by 73
- 2021Training GANs with Stronger Augmentations via Contrastive Discriminatorcited by 45
- 2022Neural Manifold Clustering and Embeddingcited by 44
- 2018The Sparse Manifold Transformcited by 36
- 2020Towards Good Practices in Self-supervised Representation Learningcited by 19
- 2021Closed-Loop Data Transcription to an LDR via Minimaxing Rate Reductioncited by 17
- 2022Incremental Learning of Structured Memory via Closed-Loop Transcriptioncited by 17
- 2014The geometry of kernelized spectral clusteringcited by 13
- 2023Unsupervised Manifold Linearizing and Clusteringcited by 12
- 2021The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Patches in Deep Convolutional Kernels Methodscited by 8
- 2022Unsupervised Learning of Structured Representations via Closed-Loop Transcriptioncited by 7
- 2022Minimalistic Unsupervised Learning with the Sparse Manifold Transformcited by 6
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 7; 2024: 6; 2025: 3; 2026: 3.
19 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2023Image Clustering via the Principle of Rate Reduction in the Age of Pretrained Modelscited by 22
- 2023Matrix Information Theory for Self-Supervised Learningcited by 21
- 2024Multiview Scene Graphcited by 9
- 2023Regularized Contrastive Pre-training for Few-shot Bioacoustic Sound Detectioncited by 7
- 2024On Pretraining Data Diversity for Self-Supervised Learningcited by 7
- 2024Improving Pre-trained Self-Supervised Embeddings Through Effective Entropy Maximizationcited by 6
- 2025A Principled Framework for Multi-View Contrastive Learningcited by 4
- 2024Self-Supervised Learning for Text Recognition: A Critical Surveycited by 3
- 2025Replay-free Online Continual Learning with Self-Supervised MultiPatchescited by 3
- 2023FroSSL: Frobenius Norm Minimization for Efficient Multiview Self-Supervised Learningcited by 2
- 2024EPContrast: Effective Point-level Contrastive Learning for Large-scale Point Cloud Understandingcited by 2
- 2026Self-Supervised Learning as Discrete Communicationcited by 2
7 more
- 2023Feature Learning in Image Hierarchies using Functional Maximal Correlationcited by 1
- 2023From Pretext to Purpose: Batch-Adaptive Self-Supervised Learningcited by 1
- 2024PromptSync: Bridging Domain Gaps in Vision-Language Models through Class-Aware Prototype Alignment and Discriminationcited by 1
- 2023Refine, Discriminate and Align: Stealing Encoders via Sample-Wise Prototypes and Multi-Relational Extractioncited by 0
- 2025No Data Wasted: A Semi-supervised Generative Model for Incomplete Multi-view Data Integration with Missing Labelscited by 0
- 2026Maximizing Incremental Information Entropy for Contrastive Learningcited by 0
- 2026Attention-Only White-Box Transformer via LeJEPA-Based Self-Supervised Pretrainingcited by 0
- 2026Attention-Only White-Box Transformer via LeJEPA-Based Self-Supervised Pretraining4 Aug 2026
- 2026Maximizing Incremental Information Entropy for Contrastive Learning13 Mar 2026
- 2026Self-Supervised Learning as Discrete Communication10 Feb 2026
- 2025No Data Wasted: A Semi-supervised Generative Model for Incomplete Multi-view Data Integration with Missing Labels15 Aug 2025
- 2025A Principled Framework for Multi-View Contrastive Learning9 Jul 2025
- 2025Replay-free Online Continual Learning with Self-Supervised MultiPatches13 Feb 2025
- 2024Improving Pre-trained Self-Supervised Embeddings Through Effective Entropy Maximization24 Nov 2024
- 2024EPContrast: Effective Point-level Contrastive Learning for Large-scale Point Cloud Understanding22 Oct 2024
- 2024Multiview Scene Graph15 Oct 2024
- 2024Self-Supervised Learning for Text Recognition: A Critical Survey29 Jul 2024
- 2024PromptSync: Bridging Domain Gaps in Vision-Language Models through Class-Aware Prototype Alignment and Discrimination11 Apr 2024
- 2024On Pretraining Data Diversity for Self-Supervised Learning20 Mar 2024
7 more
- 2023Refine, Discriminate and Align: Stealing Encoders via Sample-Wise Prototypes and Multi-Relational Extraction1 Dec 2023
- 2023From Pretext to Purpose: Batch-Adaptive Self-Supervised Learning16 Nov 2023
- 2023FroSSL: Frobenius Norm Minimization for Efficient Multiview Self-Supervised Learning4 Oct 2023
- 2023Regularized Contrastive Pre-training for Few-shot Bioacoustic Sound Detection16 Sep 2023
- 2023Image Clustering via the Principle of Rate Reduction in the Age of Pretrained Models8 Jun 2023
- 2023Feature Learning in Image Hierarchies using Functional Maximal Correlation31 May 2023
- 2023Matrix Information Theory for Self-Supervised Learning27 May 2023
- 2023Image Clustering via the Principle of Rate Reduction in the Age of Pretrained Modelscited by 22
- 2023Matrix Information Theory for Self-Supervised Learningcited by 21
- 2024Multiview Scene Graphcited by 9
- 2023Regularized Contrastive Pre-training for Few-shot Bioacoustic Sound Detectioncited by 7
- 2024On Pretraining Data Diversity for Self-Supervised Learningcited by 7
- 2024Improving Pre-trained Self-Supervised Embeddings Through Effective Entropy Maximizationcited by 6
- 2025A Principled Framework for Multi-View Contrastive Learningcited by 4
- 2024Self-Supervised Learning for Text Recognition: A Critical Surveycited by 3
- 2025Replay-free Online Continual Learning with Self-Supervised MultiPatchescited by 3
- 2023FroSSL: Frobenius Norm Minimization for Efficient Multiview Self-Supervised Learningcited by 2
- 2024EPContrast: Effective Point-level Contrastive Learning for Large-scale Point Cloud Understandingcited by 2
- 2026Self-Supervised Learning as Discrete Communicationcited by 2
12 most cited of 18 All 18 (JSON)
- 2026Attention-Only White-Box Transformer via LeJEPA-Based Self-Supervised Pretraining4 Aug 2026
- 2026Maximizing Incremental Information Entropy for Contrastive Learning13 Mar 2026
- 2026Self-Supervised Learning as Discrete Communication10 Feb 2026
- 2025No Data Wasted: A Semi-supervised Generative Model for Incomplete Multi-view Data Integration with Missing Labels15 Aug 2025
- 2025A Principled Framework for Multi-View Contrastive Learning9 Jul 2025
- 2025Replay-free Online Continual Learning with Self-Supervised MultiPatches13 Feb 2025
- 2024Improving Pre-trained Self-Supervised Embeddings Through Effective Entropy Maximization24 Nov 2024
- 2024EPContrast: Effective Point-level Contrastive Learning for Large-scale Point Cloud Understanding22 Oct 2024
- 2024Multiview Scene Graph15 Oct 2024
- 2024Self-Supervised Learning for Text Recognition: A Critical Survey29 Jul 2024
- 2024On Pretraining Data Diversity for Self-Supervised Learning20 Mar 2024
- 2023Refine, Discriminate and Align: Stealing Encoders via Sample-Wise Prototypes and Multi-Relational Extraction1 Dec 2023
12 newest of 18 All 18 (JSON)
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2021Self-Distilled Self-Supervised Representation Learning
- 2024Self-supervised learning for skin cancer diagnosis with limited training data
- 2022Synergistic Self-supervised and Quantization Learning
- 2026Self-Supervised Learning from Structural Invariance
- 2021Equivariant Contrastive Learning
- 2023Learned representation-guided diffusion models for large-image generation
- 2022Effective Self-supervised Pre-training on Low-compute Networks without Distillation
- 2024Gen-SIS: Generative Self-augmentation Improves Self-supervised Learning