mlsanityData to 13 Oct 2026

EMP-SSL: Towards Self-Supervised Learning in One Training Epoch

arXiv 2304.03977 ↗First posted 8 Apr 2023cs.CV cs.AIcited by 19

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recently, self-supervised learning (SSL) has achieved tremendous success in learning image representation. Despite the empirical success, most self-supervised learning methods are rather "inefficient" learners, typically taking hundreds of training epochs to fully converge. In this work, we show that the key towards efficient self-supervised learning is to increase the number of crops from each image instance. Leveraging one of the state-of-the-art SSL method, we introduce a simplistic form of self-supervised learning method called Extreme-Multi-Patch Self-Supervised-Learning (EMP-SSL) that does not rely on many heuristic techniques for SSL such as weight sharing between the branches, feature-wise normalization, output quantization, and stop gradient, etc, and reduces the training epochs by two orders of magnitude. We show that the proposed method is able to converge to 85.1% on CIFAR-10, 58.5% on CIFAR-100, 38.1% on Tiny ImageNet and 58.5% on ImageNet-100 in just one epoch. Furthermore, the proposed method achieves 91.5% on CIFAR-10, 70.1% on CIFAR-100, 51.5% on Tiny ImageNet and 78.9% on ImageNet-100 with linear probing in less than ten training epochs. In addition, we show that EMP-SSL shows significantly better transferability to out-of-domain datasets compared to baseline SSL methods. We will release the code in https://github.com/tsb0601/EMP-SSL.

Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Builds on 39 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Apr 2023.

Builds on

39 of 55 references.

References · 39

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27 more
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Cited by year (2026 to 13 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 7; 2024: 6; 2025: 3; 2026: 3.

19 papers.

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  1. 2023Image Clustering via the Principle of Rate Reduction in the Age of Pretrained Modelscited by 22
  2. 2023Matrix Information Theory for Self-Supervised Learningcited by 21
  3. 2024Multiview Scene Graphcited by 9
  4. 2023Regularized Contrastive Pre-training for Few-shot Bioacoustic Sound Detectioncited by 7
  5. 2024On Pretraining Data Diversity for Self-Supervised Learningcited by 7
  6. 2024Improving Pre-trained Self-Supervised Embeddings Through Effective Entropy Maximizationcited by 6
  7. 2025A Principled Framework for Multi-View Contrastive Learningcited by 4
  8. 2024Self-Supervised Learning for Text Recognition: A Critical Surveycited by 3
  9. 2025Replay-free Online Continual Learning with Self-Supervised MultiPatchescited by 3
  10. 2023FroSSL: Frobenius Norm Minimization for Efficient Multiview Self-Supervised Learningcited by 2
  11. 2024EPContrast: Effective Point-level Contrastive Learning for Large-scale Point Cloud Understandingcited by 2
  12. 2026Self-Supervised Learning as Discrete Communicationcited by 2
7 more
  1. 2023Feature Learning in Image Hierarchies using Functional Maximal Correlationcited by 1
  2. 2023From Pretext to Purpose: Batch-Adaptive Self-Supervised Learningcited by 1
  3. 2024PromptSync: Bridging Domain Gaps in Vision-Language Models through Class-Aware Prototype Alignment and Discriminationcited by 1
  4. 2023Refine, Discriminate and Align: Stealing Encoders via Sample-Wise Prototypes and Multi-Relational Extractioncited by 0
  5. 2025No Data Wasted: A Semi-supervised Generative Model for Incomplete Multi-view Data Integration with Missing Labelscited by 0
  6. 2026Maximizing Incremental Information Entropy for Contrastive Learningcited by 0
  7. 2026Attention-Only White-Box Transformer via LeJEPA-Based Self-Supervised Pretrainingcited by 0

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