Psychotherapy AI Companion with Reinforcement Learning Recommendations and Interpretable Policy Dynamics
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Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce a Reinforcement Learning Psychotherapy AI Companion that generates topic recommendations for therapists based on patient responses. The system uses Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to generate multi-objective policies for four different psychiatric conditions: anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and suicidal cases. We present our experimental results on the accuracy of recommended topics using three different scales of working alliance ratings: task, bond, and goal. We show that the system is able to capture the real data (historical topics discussed by the therapists) relatively well, and that the best performing models vary by disorder and rating scale. To gain interpretable insights into the learned policies, we visualize policy trajectories in a 2D principal component analysis space and transition matrices. These visualizations reveal distinct patterns in the policies trained with different reward signals and trained on different clinical diagnoses. Our system's success in generating DIsorder-Specific Multi-Objective Policies (DISMOP) and interpretable policy dynamics demonstrates the potential of DRL in providing personalized and efficient therapeutic recommendations.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 24 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Mar 2023.
Builds on
24 of 50 references.
References · 24
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12 more
- 2019A Story of Two Streams: Reinforcement Learning Models from Human Behavior and Neuropsychiatrycited by 13
- 2022Neural Topic Modeling of Psychotherapy Sessionscited by 13
- 2020Unified Models of Human Behavioral Agents in Bandits, Contextual Bandits and RLcited by 11
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- 2022SupervisorBot: NLP-Annotated Real-Time Recommendations of Psychotherapy Treatment Strategies with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 8
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 0; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
6 papers.
- 2023Towards Healthy AI: Large Language Models Need Therapists Toocited by 13
- 2025Survey: Multi-Armed Bandits Meet Large Language Modelscited by 6
- 2023Utterance Classification with Logical Neural Network: Explainable AI for Mental Disorder Diagnosiscited by 4
- 2026A Scoping Review of AI-Driven Digital Interventions in Mental Health Care: Mapping Applications Across Screening, Support, Monitoring, Prevention, and Clinical Educationcited by 1
- 2023The Pros and Cons of Using Machine Learning and Interpretable Machine Learning Methods in psychiatry detection applications, specifically depression disorder: A Brief Reviewcited by 0
- 2025Word Clouds as Common Voices: LLM-Assisted Visualization of Participant-Weighted Themes in Qualitative Interviewscited by 0
- 2026A Scoping Review of AI-Driven Digital Interventions in Mental Health Care: Mapping Applications Across Screening, Support, Monitoring, Prevention, and Clinical Education17 Mar 2026
- 2025Word Clouds as Common Voices: LLM-Assisted Visualization of Participant-Weighted Themes in Qualitative Interviews11 Aug 2025
- 2025Survey: Multi-Armed Bandits Meet Large Language Models19 May 2025
- 2023The Pros and Cons of Using Machine Learning and Interpretable Machine Learning Methods in psychiatry detection applications, specifically depression disorder: A Brief Review11 Nov 2023
- 2023Utterance Classification with Logical Neural Network: Explainable AI for Mental Disorder Diagnosis6 Jun 2023
- 2023Towards Healthy AI: Large Language Models Need Therapists Too2 Apr 2023