mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Identifying Label Errors in Object Detection Datasets by Loss Inspection

arXiv 2303.06999 ↗First posted 13 Mar 2023cs.CV cs.LGcited by 16

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Abstract (arXiv)

Labeling datasets for supervised object detection is a dull and time-consuming task. Errors can be easily introduced during annotation and overlooked during review, yielding inaccurate benchmarks and performance degradation of deep neural networks trained on noisy labels. In this work, we for the first time introduce a benchmark for label error detection methods on object detection datasets as well as a label error detection method and a number of baselines. We simulate four different types of randomly introduced label errors on train and test sets of well-labeled object detection datasets. For our label error detection method we assume a two-stage object detector to be given and consider the sum of both stages' classification and regression losses. The losses are computed with respect to the predictions and the noisy labels including simulated label errors, aiming at detecting the latter. We compare our method to three baselines: a naive one without deep learning, the object detector's score and the entropy of the classification softmax distribution. We outperform all baselines and demonstrate that among the considered methods, ours is the only one that detects label errors of all four types efficiently. Furthermore, we detect real label errors a) on commonly used test datasets in object detection and b) on a proprietary dataset. In both cases we achieve low false positives rates, i.e., we detect label errors with a precision for a) of up to 71.5% and for b) with 97%.

Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 30 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Mar 2023.

Builds on

30 of 52 references.

References · 30

  1. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
  2. 2017mixup: Beyond Empirical Risk Minimizationcited by 5,155
  3. 2019MMDetection: Open MMLab Detection Toolbox and Benchmarkcited by 1,379
  4. 2018BDD100K: A Diverse Driving Dataset for Heterogeneous Multitask Learningcited by 1,282
  5. 2018Co-teaching: Robust Training of Deep Neural Networks with Extremely Noisy Labelscited by 1,053
  6. 2017Revisiting Unreasonable Effectiveness of Data in Deep Learning Eracited by 916
  7. 2017MentorNet: Learning Data-Driven Curriculum for Very Deep Neural Networks on Corrupted Labelscited by 652
  8. 2019Symmetric Cross Entropy for Robust Learning with Noisy Labelscited by 499
  9. 2019Confident Learning: Estimating Uncertainty in Dataset Labelscited by 411
  10. 2021Pervasive Label Errors in Test Sets Destabilize Machine Learning Benchmarkscited by 388
  11. 2014Training Deep Neural Networks on Noisy Labels with Bootstrappingcited by 322
  12. 2019Deep Multi-modal Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation for Autonomous Driving: Datasets, Methods, and Challengescited by 313
18 more
  1. 2018Using Trusted Data to Train Deep Networks on Labels Corrupted by Severe Noisecited by 216
  2. 2019Understanding and Utilizing Deep Neural Networks Trained with Noisy Labelscited by 209
  3. 2017Dropout Sampling for Robust Object Detection in Open-Set Conditionscited by 112
  4. 2019A Survey of Deep Learning Applications to Autonomous Vehicle Controlcited by 101
  5. 2019Towards Adversarially Robust Object Detectioncited by 55
  6. 2018Active Learning for Deep Object Detectioncited by 49
  7. 2018Retina U-Net: Embarrassingly Simple Exploitation of Segmentation Supervision for Medical Object Detectioncited by 46
  8. 2019Learning from Noisy Anchors for One-stage Object Detectioncited by 35
  9. 2021Not All Labels Are Equal: Rationalizing The Labeling Costs for Training Object Detectioncited by 27
  10. 2018Soft Sampling for Robust Object Detectioncited by 22
  11. 2019An Adaptive Supervision Framework for Active Learning in Object Detectioncited by 20
  12. 2022Automated Detection of Label Errors in Semantic Segmentation Datasets via Deep Learning and Uncertainty Quantificationcited by 20
  13. 2019Training Object Detectors With Noisy Datacited by 19
  14. 2020Labels Are Not Perfect: Inferring Spatial Uncertainty in Object Detectioncited by 17
  15. 2022Identifying Incorrect Annotations in Multi-Label Classification Datacited by 12
  16. 2020Effect of Annotation Errors on Drone Detection with YOLOv3cited by 7
  17. 2022Finding Label and Model Errors in Perception Data With Learned Observation Assertionscited by 6
  18. 2022Towards Rapid Prototyping and Comparability in Active Learning for Deep Object Detectioncited by 3

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 4; 2025: 8; 2026: 3.

16 papers.

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  1. 2025RePOPE: Impact of Annotation Errors on the POPE Benchmarkcited by 9
  2. 2024Measuring the Measurers: Quality Evaluation of Hallucination Benchmarks for Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 8
  3. 2024LEMoN: Label Error Detection using Multimodal Neighborscited by 6
  4. 2024Label Convergence: Defining an Upper Performance Bound in Object Recognition through Contradictory Annotationscited by 5
  5. 2025Sample Selection via Contrastive Fragmentation for Noisy Label Regressioncited by 4
  6. 2025LED Benchmark: Diagnosing Structural Layout Errors for Document Layout Analysiscited by 3
  7. 2025GRAID: Enhancing Spatial Reasoning of VLMs Through High-Fidelity Data Generationcited by 3
  8. 2023Deep Active Learning with Noisy Oracle in Object Detectioncited by 2
  9. 2024Label-Free Model Failure Detection for Lidar-based Point Cloud Segmentationcited by 1
  10. 2025Pseudo-Labeling Driven Refinement of Benchmark Object Detection Datasets via Analysis of Learning Patternscited by 1
  11. 2026LED: A Benchmark for Evaluating Layout Error Detection in Document Analysiscited by 1
  12. 2025From Label Error Detection to Correction: A Modular Framework and Benchmark for Object Detection Datasetscited by 0
4 more
  1. 2025Learning to Detect Label Errors by Making Them: A Method for Segmentation and Object Detection Datasetscited by 0
  2. 2025SELECT: Detecting Label Errors in Real-world Scene Text Datacited by 0
  3. 2026Analyzing Training-Free Corruption Detection for Object Detection Datasetscited by 0
  4. 2026SULAND v2: A Refined RGB Dataset and Deep Learning Object Detection Benchmark for UAV/UGV-Based SUrface LANDmine Detection Under Domain Shiftcited by 0