mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Exploring Challenges and Opportunities to Support Designers in Learning to Co-create with AI-based Manufacturing Design Tools

arXiv 2303.00192 ↗First posted 1 Mar 2023cs.HC cs.AIcited by 16

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Abstract (arXiv)

AI-based design tools are proliferating in professional software to assist engineering and industrial designers in complex manufacturing and design tasks. These tools take on more agentic roles than traditional computer-aided design tools and are often portrayed as "co-creators." Yet, working effectively with such systems requires different skills than working with complex CAD tools alone. To date, we know little about how engineering designers learn to work with AI-based design tools. In this study, we observed trained designers as they learned to work with two AI-based tools on a realistic design task. We find that designers face many challenges in learning to effectively co-create with current systems, including challenges in understanding and adjusting AI outputs and in communicating their design goals. Based on our findings, we highlight several design opportunities to better support designer-AI co-creation.

Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 11 of its 110 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Mar 2023.

Builds on

11 of 110 references.

References · 11

  1. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  2. 2021Zero-Shot Text-to-Image Generationcited by 4,276
  3. 2017Explanation in Artificial Intelligence: Insights from the Social Sciencescited by 1,201
  4. 2020House-GAN: Relational Generative Adversarial Networks for Graph-constrained House Layout Generationcited by 86
  5. 2022Investigating Explainability of Generative AI for Code through Scenario-based Designcited by 47
  6. 2021Teaching Humans When To Defer to a Classifier via Exemplarscited by 29
  7. 2017It Takes Two to Tango: Towards Theory of AI's Mindcited by 11
  8. 2020SimuLearn: Fast and Accurate Simulator to Support Morphing Materials Design and Workflowscited by 4
  9. 2021Designing Composites with Target Effective Young's Modulus using Reinforcement Learningcited by 3
  10. 2022Towards a Learner-Centered Explainable AI: Lessons from the learning sciencescited by 3
  11. 2021Characterizing Human Explanation Strategies to Inform the Design of Explainable AI for Building Damage Assessmentcited by 1

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 4; 2024: 5; 2025: 4; 2026: 3.

16 papers.

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  1. 2023Luminate: Structured Generation and Exploration of Design Space with Large Language Models for Human-AI Co-Creationcited by 63
  2. 2024Design Principles for Generative AI Applicationscited by 57
  3. 2023User Experience Design Professionals' Perceptions of Generative Artificial Intelligencecited by 16
  4. 2023Jigsaw: Supporting Designers to Prototype Multimodal Applications by Chaining AI Foundation Modelscited by 11
  5. 2025Understanding, Protecting, and Augmenting Human Cognition with Generative AI: A Synthesis of the CHI 2025 Tools for Thought Workshopcited by 7
  6. 2025Intent Tagging: Exploring Micro-Prompting Interactions for Supporting Granular Human-GenAI Co-Creation Workflowscited by 6
  7. 2025Exploring the Potential of Metacognitive Support Agents for Human-AI Co-Creationcited by 6
  8. 2024Human Delegation Behavior in Human-AI Collaboration: The Effect of Contextual Informationcited by 5
  9. 2024What's Next? Exploring Utilization, Challenges, and Future Directions of AI-Generated Image Tools in Graphic Designcited by 5
  10. 2024Survey of User Interface Design and Interaction Techniques in Generative AI Applicationscited by 3
  11. 2026Supervising Ralph Wiggum: Exploring a Metacognitive Co-Regulation Agentic AI Loop for Engineering Designcited by 3
  12. 2024Enabling Generative Design Tools with LLM Agents for Mechanical Computation Devices: A Case Studycited by 2
4 more
  1. 2025AI That Helps Us Help Each Other: A Proactive System for Scaffolding Mentor-Novice Collaboration in Entrepreneurship Coachingcited by 1
  2. 2026Human Control Is the Anchor, Not the Answer: Early Divergence of Oversight in Agentic AI Communitiescited by 1
  3. 2023AwesomeMeta+: A Mixed-Prototyping Meta-Learning System Supporting AI Application Design Anywherecited by 0
  4. 2026No Pixel Left Behind: Filling Gaps in Anime Colorizationcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Human-AI Co-Creation: A Framework for Collaborative Design in Intelligent Systems
  2. 2026Creativity from Friction: Human-AI Interaction for Exploratory Structural Design
  3. 2025From Idea to CAD: A Language Model-Driven Multi-Agent System for Collaborative Design
  4. 2026ArtisanCAD: An Industrial-Level CAD Agent with Expert-Grounded Knowledge Distillation
  5. 2026A Taxonomy of Human--MLLM Interaction in Early-Stage Sketch-Based Design Ideation
  6. 2023From Concept to Manufacturing: Evaluating Vision-Language Models for Engineering Design
  7. 2026Agentic AI in Engineering and Manufacturing: Industry Perspectives on Utility, Adoption, Challenges, and Opportunities
  8. 2025CME-CAD: Heterogeneous Collaborative Multi-Expert Reinforcement Learning for CAD Code Generation