mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

ViHOS: Hate Speech Spans Detection for Vietnamese

arXiv 2301.10186 ↗First posted 24 Jan 2023cs.CLcited by 13

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Abstract (arXiv)

The rise in hateful and offensive language directed at other users is one of the adverse side effects of the increased use of social networking platforms. This could make it difficult for human moderators to review tagged comments filtered by classification systems. To help address this issue, we present the ViHOS (Vietnamese Hate and Offensive Spans) dataset, the first human-annotated corpus containing 26k spans on 11k comments. We also provide definitions of hateful and offensive spans in Vietnamese comments as well as detailed annotation guidelines. Besides, we conduct experiments with various state-of-the-art models. Specifically, XLM-RLarge achieved the best F1-scores in Single span detection and All spans detection, while PhoBERTLarge obtained the highest in Multiple spans detection. Finally, our error analysis demonstrates the difficulties in detecting specific types of spans in our data for future research. Disclaimer: This paper contains real comments that could be considered profane, offensive, or abusive.

Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 22 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Jan 2023.

Builds on

22 of 49 references.

References · 22

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2019Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scalecited by 3,907
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  4. 2017Automated Hate Speech Detection and the Problem of Offensive Languagecited by 724
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  6. 2020HateXplain: A Benchmark Dataset for Explainable Hate Speech Detectioncited by 403
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  8. 2019Predicting the Type and Target of Offensive Posts in Social Mediacited by 268
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  11. 2020SemEval-2020 Task 12: Multilingual Offensive Language Identification in Social Media (OffensEval 2020)cited by 138
  12. 2018VnCoreNLP: A Vietnamese Natural Language Processing Toolkitcited by 51
10 more
  1. 2020A Pilot Study of Text-to-SQL Semantic Parsing for Vietnamesecited by 36
  2. 2020Arabic Offensive Language on Twitter: Analysis and Experimentscited by 28
  3. 2021A Large-scale Dataset for Hate Speech Detection on Vietnamese Social Media Textscited by 25
  4. 2021COVID-19 Named Entity Recognition for Vietnamesecited by 19
  5. 2021Constructive and Toxic Speech Detection for Open-domain Social Media Comments in Vietnamesecited by 17
  6. 2021LightTag: Text Annotation Platformcited by 16
  7. 2016A Dictionary-based Approach to Racism Detection in Dutch Social Mediacited by 15
  8. 2020HSD Shared Task in VLSP Campaign 2019:Hate Speech Detection for Social Goodcited by 11
  9. 2021NLRG at SemEval-2021 Task 5: Toxic Spans Detection Leveraging BERT-based Token Classification and Span Prediction Techniquescited by 6
  10. 2021MIPT-NSU-UTMN at SemEval-2021 Task 5: Ensembling Learning with Pre-trained Language Models for Toxic Spans Detectioncited by 1

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 5; 2025: 4; 2026: 1.

13 papers.

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  1. 2023ViSoBERT: A Pre-Trained Language Model for Vietnamese Social Media Text Processingcited by 11
  2. 2024VLUE: A New Benchmark and Multi-task Knowledge Transfer Learning for Vietnamese Natural Language Understandingcited by 8
  3. 2024ViTextVQA: A Large-Scale Visual Question Answering Dataset and a Novel Multimodal Feature Fusion Method for Vietnamese Text Comprehension in Imagescited by 7
  4. 2024ViHateT5: Enhancing Hate Speech Detection in Vietnamese With A Unified Text-to-Text Transformer Modelcited by 3
  5. 2025Coreference Resolution for Vietnamese Narrative Textscited by 3
  6. 2023Overview of the HASOC Subtrack at FIRE 2023: Identification of Tokens Contributing to Explicit Hate in English by Span Detectioncited by 2
  7. 2024A Weakly Supervised Data Labeling Framework for Machine Lexical Normalization in Vietnamese Social Mediacited by 1
  8. 2025VietMix: A Naturally-Occurring Parallel Corpus and Augmentation Framework for Vietnamese-English Code-Mixed Machine Translationcited by 1
  9. 2023Abusive Span Detection for Vietnamese Narrative Textscited by 0
  10. 2024ViTHSD: Exploiting Hatred by Targets for Hate Speech Detection on Vietnamese Social Media Textscited by 0
  11. 2025A Multi-Labeled Dataset for Indonesian Discourse: Examining Toxicity, Polarization, and Demographics Informationcited by 0
  12. 2025ViToSA: Audio-Based Toxic Spans Detection on Vietnamese Speech Utterancescited by 0
1 more
  1. 2026Hate Speech Detection in Turkish and Arabic: A Comprehensive Studycited by 0