mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Augmentation Matters: A Simple-yet-Effective Approach to Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentation

arXiv 2212.04976 ↗First posted 9 Dec 2022cs.CVcited by 64

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recent studies on semi-supervised semantic segmentation (SSS) have seen fast progress. Despite their promising performance, current state-of-the-art methods tend to increasingly complex designs at the cost of introducing more network components and additional training procedures. Differently, in this work, we follow a standard teacher-student framework and propose AugSeg, a simple and clean approach that focuses mainly on data perturbations to boost the SSS performance. We argue that various data augmentations should be adjusted to better adapt to the semi-supervised scenarios instead of directly applying these techniques from supervised learning. Specifically, we adopt a simplified intensity-based augmentation that selects a random number of data transformations with uniformly sampling distortion strengths from a continuous space. Based on the estimated confidence of the model on different unlabeled samples, we also randomly inject labelled information to augment the unlabeled samples in an adaptive manner. Without bells and whistles, our simple AugSeg can readily achieve new state-of-the-art performance on SSS benchmarks under different partition protocols.

Key facts. Cited by 64 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 43 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Dec 2022.

Builds on

43 of 57 references.

References · 43

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  4. 2016DeepLab: Semantic Image Segmentation with Deep Convolutional Nets, Atrous Convolution, and Fully Connected CRFscited by 3,241
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31 more
  1. 2017Virtual Adversarial Training: A Regularization Method for Supervised and Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 920
  2. 2018AutoAugment: Learning Augmentation Policies from Datacited by 730
  3. 2020Self-supervised Learning: Generative or Contrastivecited by 694
  4. 2020Simple Copy-Paste is a Strong Data Augmentation Method for Instance Segmentationcited by 596
  5. 2019Pseudo-Labeling and Confirmation Bias in Deep Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 510
  6. 2017Mean teachers are better role models: Weight-averaged consistency targets improve semi-supervised deep learning resultscited by 472
  7. 2021Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation with Cross Pseudo Supervisioncited by 463
  8. 2020Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation with Cross-Consistency Trainingcited by 376
  9. 2021TrivialAugment: Tuning-free Yet State-of-the-Art Data Augmentationcited by 227
  10. 2022Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation Using Unreliable Pseudo-Labelscited by 218
  11. 2019Domain-Specific Batch Normalization for Unsupervised Domain Adaptationcited by 197
  12. 2021ST++: Make Self-training Work Better for Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 184
  13. 2020PseudoSeg: Designing Pseudo Labels for Semantic Segmentationcited by 180
  14. 2022Revisiting Weak-to-Strong Consistency in Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 178
  15. 2018Adversarial Learning for Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 173
  16. 2019Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation with High- and Low-level Consistencycited by 147
  17. 2021Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation with Pixel-Level Contrastive Learning from a Class-wise Memory Bankcited by 125
  18. 2020An Overview of Deep Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 121
  19. 2020Guided Collaborative Training for Pixel-wise Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 120
  20. 2021Perturbed and Strict Mean Teachers for Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 113
  21. 2021Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentation with Directional Context-aware Consistencycited by 112
  22. 2021Pixel Contrastive-Consistent Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 101
  23. 2021Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation via Adaptive Equalization Learningcited by 101
  24. 2021Bootstrapping Semantic Segmentation with Regional Contrastcited by 80
  25. 2021A Simple Baseline for Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentation with Strong Data Augmentationcited by 79
  26. 2021Re-distributing Biased Pseudo Labels for Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentation: A Baseline Investigationcited by 78
  27. 2020DMT: Dynamic Mutual Training for Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 77
  28. 2022Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentation with Error Localization Networkcited by 57
  29. 2018Semi-Supervised Semantic Image Segmentation with Self-correcting Networkscited by 37
  30. 2022Unbiased Subclass Regularization for Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 33
  31. 2022MutexMatch: Semi-Supervised Learning with Mutex-Based Consistency Regularizationcited by 22

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 13; 2024: 19; 2025: 24; 2026: 8.

64 papers.

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  1. 2024UniMatch V2: Pushing the Limit of Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 54
  2. 2023CorrMatch: Label Propagation via Correlation Matching for Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 44
  3. 2023Conflict-Based Cross-View Consistency for Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 35
  4. 2024AllSpark: Reborn Labeled Features from Unlabeled in Transformer for Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 35
  5. 2024Adaptive Bidirectional Displacement for Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentationcited by 30
  6. 2023Switching Temporary Teachers for Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 23
  7. 2023Alternate Diverse Teaching for Semi-supervised Medical Image Segmentationcited by 22
  8. 2024SAM as the Guide: Mastering Pseudo-Label Refinement in Semi-Supervised Referring Expression Segmentationcited by 17
  9. 2024Towards the Uncharted: Density-Descending Feature Perturbation for Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 16
  10. 2023Jaccard Metric Losses: Optimizing the Jaccard Index with Soft Labelscited by 12
  11. 2024Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation Based on Pseudo-Labels: A Surveycited by 12
  12. 2024Beyond Pixels: Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation with a Multi-scale Patch-based Multi-Label Classifiercited by 12
38 more
  1. 2024CamoTeacher: Dual-Rotation Consistency Learning for Semi-Supervised Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 12
  2. 2024RESMatch: Referring Expression Segmentation in a Semi-Supervised Mannercited by 11
  3. 2023Bridging Synthetic and Real Worlds for Pre-training Scene Text Detectorscited by 9
  4. 2025Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentation with Multi-Constraint Consistency Learningcited by 8
  5. 2024Tuning-free Universally-Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 6
  6. 2024PrevMatch: Revisiting and Maximizing Temporal Knowledge in Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 6
  7. 2024Exploring Semi-Supervised Learning for Online Mappingcited by 6
  8. 2024Uncertainty-Participation Context Consistency Learning for Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 6
  9. 2025When Confidence Fails: Revisiting Pseudo-Label Selection in Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 6
  10. 2023NP-SemiSeg: When Neural Processes meet Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 5
  11. 2024Training-Free Unsupervised Prompt for Vision-Language Modelscited by 5
  12. 2023MGAug: Multimodal Geometric Augmentation in Latent Spaces of Image Deformationscited by 4
  13. 2025CW-BASS: Confidence-Weighted Boundary-Aware Learning for Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 4
  14. 2025ConformalSAM: Unlocking the Potential of Foundational Segmentation Models in Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation with Conformal Predictioncited by 4
  15. 2025Striving for Simplicity: Simple Yet Effective Prior-Aware Pseudo-Labeling for Semi-Supervised Ultrasound Image Segmentationcited by 3
  16. 2025Rethinking Semi-supervised Segmentation Beyond Accuracy: Reliability and Robustnesscited by 3
  17. 2025S5: Scalable Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation in Remote Sensingcited by 3
  18. 2023Rethinking Data Perturbation and Model Stabilization for Semi-supervised Medical Image Segmentationcited by 2
  19. 2023Progressive Classifier and Feature Extractor Adaptation for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation on Point Cloudscited by 2
  20. 2024Weighting Pseudo-Labels via High-Activation Feature Index Similarity and Object Detection for Semi-Supervised Segmentationcited by 2
  21. 2024SS-ADA: A Semi-Supervised Active Domain Adaptation Framework for Semantic Segmentationcited by 2
  22. 2024AdaSemiCD: An Adaptive Semi-Supervised Change Detection Method Based on Pseudo-Label Evaluationcited by 2
  23. 2025DiN: Diffusion Model for Robust Medical VQA with Semantic Noisy Labelscited by 2
  24. 2025IGL-DT: Iterative Global-Local Feature Learning with Dual-Teacher Semantic Segmentation Framework under Limited Annotation Schemecited by 2
  25. 2025SemiSegECG: A Multi-Dataset Benchmark for Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation in ECG Delineationcited by 2
  26. 2025Towards Robust Pseudo-Label Learning in Semantic Segmentation: An Encoding Perspectivecited by 2
  27. 2023DiverseNet: Decision Diversified Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentation Networks for Remote Sensing Imagerycited by 1
  28. 2024Multi-Level Label Correction by Distilling Proximate Patterns for Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 1
  29. 2025Exploring Token-Level Augmentation in Vision Transformer for Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 1
  30. 2025Knowledge Consultation for Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 1
  31. 2025A Temporal Modeling Framework for Video Pre-Training on Video Instance Segmentationcited by 1
  32. 2025Adaptive Spatial Augmentation for Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 1
  33. 2025RS-MTDF: Multi-Teacher Distillation and Fusion for Remote Sensing Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 1
  34. 2025CORA: Consistency-Guided Semi-Supervised Framework for Reasoning Segmentationcited by 1
  35. 2026Multiscale Switch for Semi-Supervised and Contrastive Learning in Medical Ultrasound Image Segmentationcited by 1
  36. 2026Wat3R: Underwater 3D Geometry Learning without Annotationscited by 1
  37. 2023Cross-head mutual Mean-Teaching for semi-supervised medical image segmentationcited by 0
  38. 2023Clean Label Disentangling for Medical Image Segmentation with Noisy Labelscited by 0

50 most cited of 64 All 64 (JSON)

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  1. 2023Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation via Gentle Teaching Assistant
  2. 2022Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentation with Mutual Knowledge Distillation
  3. 2022SlimSeg: Slimmable Semantic Segmentation with Boundary Supervision
  4. 2022Semantic Segmentation with Active Semi-Supervised Learning
  5. 2023SemiVL: Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation with Vision-Language Guidance
  6. 2025S^4M: Boosting Semi-Supervised Instance Segmentation with SAM
  7. 2024Image Augmentation Agent for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation
  8. 2024IPixMatch: Boost Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentation with Inter-Pixel Relation