mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Polite Teacher: Semi-Supervised Instance Segmentation with Mutual Learning and Pseudo-Label Thresholding

arXiv 2211.03850 ↗First posted 7 Nov 2022cs.CV cs.AI cs.LGcited by 12

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present Polite Teacher, a simple yet effective method for the task of semi-supervised instance segmentation. The proposed architecture relies on the Teacher-Student mutual learning framework. To filter out noisy pseudo-labels, we use confidence thresholding for bounding boxes and mask scoring for masks. The approach has been tested with CenterMask, a single-stage anchor-free detector. Tested on the COCO 2017 val dataset, our architecture significantly (approx. +8 pp. in mask AP) outperforms the baseline at different supervision regimes. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first works tackling the problem of semi-supervised instance segmentation and the first one devoted to an anchor-free detector.

Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 24 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Nov 2022.

Builds on

24 of 34 references.

References · 24

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
  2. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
  3. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,608
  4. 2015Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networkscited by 9,639
  5. 2020End-to-End Object Detection with Transformerscited by 7,414
  6. 2017Mask R-CNNcited by 7,277
  7. 2021Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformerscited by 6,968
  8. 2015You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detectioncited by 4,852
  9. 2021Masked-attention Mask Transformer for Universal Image Segmentationcited by 2,351
  10. 2017Cascade R-CNN: Delving into High Quality Object Detectioncited by 1,276
  11. 2016Temporal Ensembling for Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 1,057
  12. 2021Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation with Cross Pseudo Supervisioncited by 463
12 more
  1. 2022Mask DINO: Towards A Unified Transformer-based Framework for Object Detection and Segmentationcited by 344
  2. 2021Unbiased Teacher for Semi-Supervised Object Detectioncited by 306
  3. 2020A Simple Semi-Supervised Learning Framework for Object Detectioncited by 282
  4. 2019Mask Scoring R-CNNcited by 266
  5. 2015Semi-Supervised Learning with Ladder Networkscited by 247
  6. 2016UnitBox: An Advanced Object Detection Networkcited by 205
  7. 2019CenterMask : Real-Time Anchor-Free Instance Segmentationcited by 201
  8. 2020FCOS: A simple and strong anchor-free object detectorcited by 171
  9. 2017Data Distillation: Towards Omni-Supervised Learningcited by 126
  10. 2021Bootstrapping Semantic Segmentation with Regional Contrastcited by 80
  11. 2022Unbiased Teacher v2: Semi-supervised Object Detection for Anchor-free and Anchor-based Detectorscited by 69
  12. 2022Noisy Boundaries: Lemon or Lemonade for Semi-supervised Instance Segmentation?cited by 21

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 2; 2025: 5; 2026: 3.

12 papers.

  1. 2025SAMRefiner: Taming Segment Anything Model for Universal Mask Refinementcited by 20
  2. 2023Pseudo-label Alignment for Semi-supervised Instance Segmentationcited by 17
  3. 2023Guided Distillation for Semi-Supervised Instance Segmentationcited by 12
  4. 2025S^4M: Boosting Semi-Supervised Instance Segmentation with SAMcited by 5
  5. 2025Pseudo-Label Quality Decoupling and Correction for Semi-Supervised Instance Segmentationcited by 2
  6. 2024Better (pseudo-)labels for semi-supervised instance segmentationcited by 1
  7. 2024Depth-Guided Semi-Supervised Instance Segmentationcited by 1
  8. 2025A Unified Framework for Semi-Supervised Image Segmentation and Registrationcited by 1
  9. 2025SurgPIS: Surgical-instrument-level Instances and Part-level Semantics for Weakly-supervised Part-aware Instance Segmentationcited by 0
  10. 2026Boosting Overlapping Organoid Instance Segmentation Using Pseudo-Label Unmixing and Synthesis-Assisted Learningcited by 0
  11. 2026Exclusivity-Guided Mask Learning for Semi-Supervised Crowd Instance Segmentation and Countingcited by 0
  12. 2026SomaNet: Weakly Supervised Learning for Instance Soma Segmentation in 3D Electron Microscopy with Partial Annotationscited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2023Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation via Gentle Teaching Assistant
  2. 2023Switching Temporary Teachers for Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation
  3. 2025BoxSeg: Quality-Aware and Peer-Assisted Learning for Box-supervised Instance Segmentation
  4. 2021Humble Teachers Teach Better Students for Semi-Supervised Object Detection
  5. 2025CAST: Contrastive Adaptation and Distillation for Semi-Supervised Instance Segmentation
  6. 2023Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentation Meets Masked Modeling:Fine-grained Locality Learning Matters in Consistency Regularization
  7. 2026Training a Student Expert via Semi-Supervised Foundation Model Distillation
  8. 2022Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentation with Mutual Knowledge Distillation