Self-supervised Heterogeneous Graph Pre-training Based on Structural Clustering
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recent self-supervised pre-training methods on Heterogeneous Information Networks (HINs) have shown promising competitiveness over traditional semi-supervised Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks (HGNNs). Unfortunately, their performance heavily depends on careful customization of various strategies for generating high-quality positive examples and negative examples, which notably limits their flexibility and generalization ability. In this work, we present SHGP, a novel Self-supervised Heterogeneous Graph Pre-training approach, which does not need to generate any positive examples or negative examples. It consists of two modules that share the same attention-aggregation scheme. In each iteration, the Att-LPA module produces pseudo-labels through structural clustering, which serve as the self-supervision signals to guide the Att-HGNN module to learn object embeddings and attention coefficients. The two modules can effectively utilize and enhance each other, promoting the model to learn discriminative embeddings. Extensive experiments on four real-world datasets demonstrate the superior effectiveness of SHGP against state-of-the-art unsupervised baselines and even semi-supervised baselines. We release our source code at: https://github.com/kepsail/SHGP.
Key facts. Cited by 30 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 33 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Oct 2022.
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33 of 47 references.
References · 33
- 2016Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 11,361
- 2021HuBERT: Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning by Masked Prediction of Hidden Unitscited by 2,342
- 2018Learning deep representations by mutual information estimation and maximizationcited by 1,273
- 2020Graph Contrastive Learning with Augmentationscited by 1,208
- 2018Deep Graph Infomaxcited by 1,106
- 2018Deep Clustering for Unsupervised Learning of Visual Featurescited by 1,028
- 2018Hierarchical Graph Representation Learning with Differentiable Poolingcited by 787
- 2019Heterogeneous Graph Attention Networkcited by 734
- 2020Contrastive Multi-View Representation Learning on Graphscited by 652
- 2020Heterogeneous Graph Transformercited by 582
- 2019Graph Transformer Networkscited by 523
- 2020Graph Contrastive Learning with Adaptive Augmentationcited by 519
21 more
- 2020Masked Label Prediction: Unified Message Passing Model for Semi-Supervised Classificationcited by 506
- 2020GCC: Graph Contrastive Coding for Graph Neural Network Pre-Trainingcited by 463
- 2019InfoGraph: Unsupervised and Semi-supervised Graph-Level Representation Learning via Mutual Information Maximizationcited by 441
- 2020GPT-GNN: Generative Pre-Training of Graph Neural Networkscited by 303
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- 2022SimGRACE: A Simple Framework for Graph Contrastive Learning without Data Augmentationcited by 171
- 2019ASAP: Adaptive Structure Aware Pooling for Learning Hierarchical Graph Representationscited by 156
- 2021Node Feature Extraction by Self-Supervised Multi-scale Neighborhood Predictioncited by 138
- 2021Self-supervised Learning on Graphs: Contrastive, Generative,or Predictivecited by 136
- 2021Self-supervised Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network with Co-contrastive Learningcited by 130
- 2019Multi-Stage Self-Supervised Learning for Graph Convolutional Networks on Graphs with Few Labelscited by 111
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- 2020Unifying Graph Convolutional Neural Networks and Label Propagationcited by 98
- 2019Unsupervised Attributed Multiplex Network Embeddingcited by 95
- 2021HDMI: High-order Deep Multiplex Infomaxcited by 82
- 2020Interpretable and Efficient Heterogeneous Graph Convolutional Networkcited by 48
- 2019Heterogeneous Deep Graph Infomaxcited by 42
- 2022Augmentation-Free Graph Contrastive Learning with Performance Guaranteecited by 16
- 2021Evaluating Modules in Graph Contrastive Learningcited by 4
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 5; 2024: 8; 2025: 11; 2026: 4.
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- 2022A Survey of Knowledge Graph Reasoning on Graph Types: Static, Dynamic, and Multimodalcited by 106
- 2022Hard Sample Aware Network for Contrastive Deep Graph Clusteringcited by 61
- 2023HGPROMPT: Bridging Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Graphs for Few-shot Prompt Learningcited by 45
- 2024HiGPT: Heterogeneous Graph Language Modelcited by 45
- 2023HetGPT: Harnessing the Power of Prompt Tuning in Pre-Trained Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networkscited by 33
- 2024Learn from Global Correlations: Enhancing Evolutionary Algorithm via Spectral GNNcited by 15
- 2025GRAVER: Generative Graph Vocabularies for Robust Graph Foundation Models Fine-tuningcited by 13
- 2024End-to-end Learnable Clustering for Intent Learning in Recommendationcited by 10
- 2023Semantic-aware Node Synthesis for Imbalanced Heterogeneous Information Networkscited by 9
- 2024A Survey on Self-Supervised Graph Foundation Models: Knowledge-Based Perspectivecited by 9
- 2026RAG-GFM: Overcoming In-Memory Bottlenecks in Graph Foundation Models via Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 4
- 2023Pseudo Contrastive Learning for Graph-based Semi-supervised Learningcited by 2
18 more
- 2024Challenges in Pre-Training Graph Neural Networks for Context-Based Fake News Detection: An Evaluation of Current Strategies and Resource Limitationscited by 2
- 2024HHGT: Hierarchical Heterogeneous Graph Transformer for Heterogeneous Graph Representation Learningcited by 2
- 2024HG-Adapter: Improving Pre-Trained Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks with Dual Adapterscited by 2
- 2025HierPromptLM: A Pure PLM-based Framework for Representation Learning on Heterogeneous Text-rich Networkscited by 2
- 2025Enhancing Homophily-Heterophily Separation: Relation-Aware Learning in Heterogeneous Graphscited by 2
- 2025Towards Efficient LLM-aware Heterogeneous Graph Learningcited by 2
- 2026Retrieving Minimal and Sufficient Reasoning Subgraphs with Graph Foundation Models for Path-aware GraphRAGcited by 2
- 2023Self-Supervised Pretraining for Heterogeneous Hypergraph Neural Networkscited by 1
- 2024Transfer Learning Under High-Dimensional Graph Convolutional Regression Model for Node Classificationcited by 1
- 2025Representation Learning with Mutual Influence of Modalities for Node Classification in Multi-Modal Heterogeneous Networkscited by 1
- 2026Empowering Heterogeneous Graph Foundation Models via Decoupled Relation Alignmentcited by 1
- 2025Incorporating Attributes and Multi-Scale Structures for Heterogeneous Graph Contrastive Learningcited by 0
- 2025Masked Language Models are Good Heterogeneous Graph Generalizerscited by 0
- 2025GFlowNets for Learning Better Drug-Drug Interaction Representationscited by 0
- 2025Enhanced Pre-training of Graph Neural Networks for Million-Scale Heterogeneous Graphscited by 0
- 2025Mixing Configurations for Downstream Predictioncited by 0
- 2025THeGAU: Type-Aware Heterogeneous Graph Autoencoder and Augmentationcited by 0
- 2026FOCAL-Attention for Heterogeneous Multi-Label Predictioncited by 0
- 2026Empowering Heterogeneous Graph Foundation Models via Decoupled Relation Alignment1 May 2026
- 2026FOCAL-Attention for Heterogeneous Multi-Label Prediction21 Apr 2026
- 2026Retrieving Minimal and Sufficient Reasoning Subgraphs with Graph Foundation Models for Path-aware GraphRAG7 Mar 2026
- 2026RAG-GFM: Overcoming In-Memory Bottlenecks in Graph Foundation Models via Retrieval-Augmented Generation21 Jan 2026
- 2025THeGAU: Type-Aware Heterogeneous Graph Autoencoder and Augmentation11 Dec 2025
- 2025Towards Efficient LLM-aware Heterogeneous Graph Learning22 Nov 2025
- 2025GRAVER: Generative Graph Vocabularies for Robust Graph Foundation Models Fine-tuning5 Nov 2025
- 2025Mixing Configurations for Downstream Prediction22 Oct 2025
- 2025Enhanced Pre-training of Graph Neural Networks for Million-Scale Heterogeneous Graphs14 Oct 2025
- 2025GFlowNets for Learning Better Drug-Drug Interaction Representations7 Aug 2025
- 2025Enhancing Homophily-Heterophily Separation: Relation-Aware Learning in Heterogeneous Graphs26 Jun 2025
- 2025Masked Language Models are Good Heterogeneous Graph Generalizers6 Jun 2025
18 more
- 2025Representation Learning with Mutual Influence of Modalities for Node Classification in Multi-Modal Heterogeneous Networks12 May 2025
- 2025Incorporating Attributes and Multi-Scale Structures for Heterogeneous Graph Contrastive Learning18 Mar 2025
- 2025HierPromptLM: A Pure PLM-based Framework for Representation Learning on Heterogeneous Text-rich Networks22 Jan 2025
- 2024Learn from Global Correlations: Enhancing Evolutionary Algorithm via Spectral GNN23 Dec 2024
- 2024HG-Adapter: Improving Pre-Trained Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks with Dual Adapters2 Nov 2024
- 2024HHGT: Hierarchical Heterogeneous Graph Transformer for Heterogeneous Graph Representation Learning18 Jul 2024
- 2024Transfer Learning Under High-Dimensional Graph Convolutional Regression Model for Node Classification26 May 2024
- 2024A Survey on Self-Supervised Graph Foundation Models: Knowledge-Based Perspective24 Mar 2024
- 2024Challenges in Pre-Training Graph Neural Networks for Context-Based Fake News Detection: An Evaluation of Current Strategies and Resource Limitations28 Feb 2024
- 2024HiGPT: Heterogeneous Graph Language Model25 Feb 2024
- 2024End-to-end Learnable Clustering for Intent Learning in Recommendation11 Jan 2024
- 2023HGPROMPT: Bridging Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Graphs for Few-shot Prompt Learning4 Dec 2023
- 2023Self-Supervised Pretraining for Heterogeneous Hypergraph Neural Networks19 Nov 2023
- 2023HetGPT: Harnessing the Power of Prompt Tuning in Pre-Trained Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks23 Oct 2023
- 2023Semantic-aware Node Synthesis for Imbalanced Heterogeneous Information Networks27 Feb 2023
- 2023Pseudo Contrastive Learning for Graph-based Semi-supervised Learning19 Feb 2023
- 2022Hard Sample Aware Network for Contrastive Deep Graph Clustering16 Dec 2022
- 2022A Survey of Knowledge Graph Reasoning on Graph Types: Static, Dynamic, and Multimodal12 Dec 2022
- 2022A Survey of Knowledge Graph Reasoning on Graph Types: Static, Dynamic, and Multimodalcited by 106
- 2022Hard Sample Aware Network for Contrastive Deep Graph Clusteringcited by 61
- 2023HGPROMPT: Bridging Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Graphs for Few-shot Prompt Learningcited by 45
- 2024HiGPT: Heterogeneous Graph Language Modelcited by 45
- 2023HetGPT: Harnessing the Power of Prompt Tuning in Pre-Trained Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networkscited by 33
- 2024Learn from Global Correlations: Enhancing Evolutionary Algorithm via Spectral GNNcited by 15
- 2025GRAVER: Generative Graph Vocabularies for Robust Graph Foundation Models Fine-tuningcited by 13
- 2024End-to-end Learnable Clustering for Intent Learning in Recommendationcited by 10
- 2023Semantic-aware Node Synthesis for Imbalanced Heterogeneous Information Networkscited by 9
- 2024A Survey on Self-Supervised Graph Foundation Models: Knowledge-Based Perspectivecited by 9
- 2023Pseudo Contrastive Learning for Graph-based Semi-supervised Learningcited by 2
- 2024Challenges in Pre-Training Graph Neural Networks for Context-Based Fake News Detection: An Evaluation of Current Strategies and Resource Limitationscited by 2
12 most cited of 28 All 28 (JSON)
- 2026Empowering Heterogeneous Graph Foundation Models via Decoupled Relation Alignment1 May 2026
- 2026FOCAL-Attention for Heterogeneous Multi-Label Prediction21 Apr 2026
- 2025THeGAU: Type-Aware Heterogeneous Graph Autoencoder and Augmentation11 Dec 2025
- 2025Towards Efficient LLM-aware Heterogeneous Graph Learning22 Nov 2025
- 2025GRAVER: Generative Graph Vocabularies for Robust Graph Foundation Models Fine-tuning5 Nov 2025
- 2025Mixing Configurations for Downstream Prediction22 Oct 2025
- 2025Enhanced Pre-training of Graph Neural Networks for Million-Scale Heterogeneous Graphs14 Oct 2025
- 2025GFlowNets for Learning Better Drug-Drug Interaction Representations7 Aug 2025
- 2025Enhancing Homophily-Heterophily Separation: Relation-Aware Learning in Heterogeneous Graphs26 Jun 2025
- 2025Masked Language Models are Good Heterogeneous Graph Generalizers6 Jun 2025
- 2025Representation Learning with Mutual Influence of Modalities for Node Classification in Multi-Modal Heterogeneous Networks12 May 2025
- 2025Incorporating Attributes and Multi-Scale Structures for Heterogeneous Graph Contrastive Learning18 Mar 2025
12 newest of 28 All 28 (JSON)