Distill Any Depth: Distillation Creates a Stronger Monocular Depth Estimator
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recent advances in zero-shot monocular depth estimation(MDE) have significantly improved generalization by unifying depth distributions through normalized depth representations and by leveraging large-scale unlabeled data via pseudo-label distillation. However, existing methods that rely on global depth normalization treat all depth values equally, which can amplify noise in pseudo-labels and reduce distillation effectiveness. In this paper, we present a systematic analysis of depth normalization strategies in the context of pseudo-label distillation. Our study shows that, under recent distillation paradigms (e.g., shared-context distillation), normalization is not always necessary, as omitting it can help mitigate the impact of noisy supervision. Furthermore, rather than focusing solely on how depth information is represented, we propose Cross-Context Distillation, which integrates both global and local depth cues to enhance pseudo-label quality. We also introduce an assistant-guided distillation strategy that incorporates complementary depth priors from a diffusion-based teacher model, enhancing supervision diversity and robustness. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate that our approach significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods, both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 45 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Feb 2025.
Builds on
45 of 56 references.
References · 45
- 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,234
- 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,974
- 2021Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformerscited by 6,968
- 2017Squeeze-and-Excitation Networkscited by 4,789
- 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,117
- 2016Pyramid Scene Parsing Networkcited by 2,479
- 2017Rethinking Atrous Convolution for Semantic Image Segmentationcited by 2,161
- 2021Vision Transformers for Dense Predictioncited by 1,803
- 2019Towards Robust Monocular Depth Estimation: Mixing Datasets for Zero-shot Cross-dataset Transfercited by 1,495
- 2024Depth Anything V2cited by 1,422
- 2024Depth Anything: Unleashing the Power of Large-Scale Unlabeled Datacited by 1,360
- 2019Self-training with Noisy Student improves ImageNet classificationcited by 1,311
33 more
- 2014Depth Map Prediction from a Single Image using a Multi-Scale Deep Networkcited by 1,274
- 2015A Large Dataset to Train Convolutional Networks for Disparity, Optical Flow, and Scene Flow Estimationcited by 881
- 2016Unsupervised Monocular Depth Estimation with Left-Right Consistencycited by 820
- 2017Unsupervised Learning of Depth and Ego-Motion from Videocited by 782
- 2018Deep Ordinal Regression Network for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 723
- 2023ZoeDepth: Zero-shot Transfer by Combining Relative and Metric Depthcited by 657
- 2020Hypersim: A Photorealistic Synthetic Dataset for Holistic Indoor Scene Understandingcited by 604
- 20193D Packing for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 439
- 2024Depth Pro: Sharp Monocular Metric Depth in Less Than a Secondcited by 404
- 2024Metric3Dv2: A Versatile Monocular Geometric Foundation Model for Zero-shot Metric Depth and Surface Normal Estimationcited by 395
- 2024UniDepth: Universal Monocular Metric Depth Estimationcited by 382
- 2023Metric3D: Towards Zero-shot Metric 3D Prediction from A Single Imagecited by 365
- 2020Rethinking Pre-training and Self-trainingcited by 352
- 2024MoGe: Unlocking Accurate Monocular Geometry Estimation for Open-Domain Images with Optimal Training Supervisioncited by 299
- 2019DIODE: A Dense Indoor and Outdoor DEpth Datasetcited by 240
- 2020Learning to Recover 3D Scene Shape from a Single Imagecited by 216
- 2020D3VO: Deep Depth, Deep Pose and Deep Uncertainty for Monocular Visual Odometrycited by 206
- 2023MiDaS v3.1 -- A Model Zoo for Robust Monocular Relative Depth Estimationcited by 174
- 2017Semi-Supervised Deep Learning for Monocular Depth Map Predictioncited by 109
- 2021Boosting Monocular Depth Estimation Models to High-Resolution via Content-Adaptive Multi-Resolution Mergingcited by 104
- 2018Deep Virtual Stereo Odometry: Leveraging Deep Depth Prediction for Monocular Direct Sparse Odometrycited by 85
- 2024DepthFM: Fast Monocular Depth Estimation with Flow Matchingcited by 76
- 2024What Matters When Repurposing Diffusion Models for General Dense Perception Tasks?cited by 74
- 2020DiverseDepth: Affine-invariant Depth Prediction Using Diverse Datacited by 61
- 2022Hierarchical Normalization for Robust Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 52
- 2018Geometry meets semantics for semi-supervised monocular depth estimationcited by 29
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- 2021Improving Semi-Supervised and Domain-Adaptive Semantic Segmentation with Self-Supervised Depth Estimationcited by 25
- 2019Semi-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation with Left-Right Consistency Using Deep Neural Networkcited by 21
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- 2019Semi-Supervised Adversarial Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 11
- 2023Robust Geometry-Preserving Depth Estimation Using Differentiable Renderingcited by 6
- 2024GeoBench: Benchmarking and Analyzing Monocular Geometry Estimation Modelscited by 5
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 10; 2026: 5.
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- 2025SSR: Enhancing Depth Perception in Vision-Language Models via Rationale-Guided Spatial Reasoningcited by 46
- 2025Depth Anything at Any Conditioncited by 12
- 2025MonoMobility: Zero-Shot 3D Mobility Analysis from Monocular Videoscited by 6
- 2025Physics-Informed Deformable Gaussian Splatting: Towards Unified Constitutive Laws for Time-Evolving Material Fieldcited by 6
- 2025PacGDC: Label-Efficient Generalizable Depth Completion with Projection Ambiguity and Consistencycited by 4
- 2025PALMS+: Modular Image-Based Floor Plan Localization Leveraging Depth Foundation Modelcited by 3
- 2025Underwater Monocular Metric Depth Estimation: Real-World Benchmarks and Synthetic Fine-Tuning with Vision Foundation Modelscited by 0
- 2025Can Large Pretrained Depth Estimation Models Help With Image Dehazing?cited by 0
- 2025BRIDGE -- Building Reinforcement-Learning Depth-to-Image Data Generation Engine for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 0
- 2025R3ST: A Synthetic 3D Dataset With Realistic Trajectoriescited by 0
- 2026Modality-Specific Hierarchical Enhancement for RGB-D Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 0
- 2026Monocular Depth Estimation via Neural Network with Learnable Algebraic Group and Ring Structurescited by 0
- 2026Breaking the Horizontal Prior: From Long-Tailed Orientation Bias to Roll-Robust Monocular Depth Estimation1 Aug 2026
- 2026SigLIP-HD by Fine-to-Coarse Supervision10 Jul 2026
- 2026BED-SAM2: Boundary-Enhanced-Depth SAM2 via Monocular Geometric Priors24 May 2026
- 2026Monocular Depth Estimation via Neural Network with Learnable Algebraic Group and Ring Structures27 Apr 2026
- 2026Modality-Specific Hierarchical Enhancement for RGB-D Camouflaged Object Detection3 Apr 2026
- 2025R3ST: A Synthetic 3D Dataset With Realistic Trajectories18 Dec 2025
- 2025PALMS+: Modular Image-Based Floor Plan Localization Leveraging Depth Foundation Model12 Nov 2025
- 2025Physics-Informed Deformable Gaussian Splatting: Towards Unified Constitutive Laws for Time-Evolving Material Field9 Nov 2025
- 2025BRIDGE -- Building Reinforcement-Learning Depth-to-Image Data Generation Engine for Monocular Depth Estimation29 Sep 2025
- 2025Can Large Pretrained Depth Estimation Models Help With Image Dehazing?1 Aug 2025
- 2025PacGDC: Label-Efficient Generalizable Depth Completion with Projection Ambiguity and Consistency10 Jul 2025
- 2025Underwater Monocular Metric Depth Estimation: Real-World Benchmarks and Synthetic Fine-Tuning with Vision Foundation Models2 Jul 2025
3 more
- 2025Depth Anything at Any Conditioncited by 12
- 2025MonoMobility: Zero-Shot 3D Mobility Analysis from Monocular Videoscited by 6
- 2025Physics-Informed Deformable Gaussian Splatting: Towards Unified Constitutive Laws for Time-Evolving Material Fieldcited by 6
- 2025PacGDC: Label-Efficient Generalizable Depth Completion with Projection Ambiguity and Consistencycited by 4
- 2025PALMS+: Modular Image-Based Floor Plan Localization Leveraging Depth Foundation Modelcited by 3
- 2025Underwater Monocular Metric Depth Estimation: Real-World Benchmarks and Synthetic Fine-Tuning with Vision Foundation Modelscited by 0
- 2025Can Large Pretrained Depth Estimation Models Help With Image Dehazing?cited by 0
- 2025BRIDGE -- Building Reinforcement-Learning Depth-to-Image Data Generation Engine for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 0
- 2025R3ST: A Synthetic 3D Dataset With Realistic Trajectoriescited by 0
- 2026Modality-Specific Hierarchical Enhancement for RGB-D Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 0
- 2026Monocular Depth Estimation via Neural Network with Learnable Algebraic Group and Ring Structurescited by 0
- 2026BED-SAM2: Boundary-Enhanced-Depth SAM2 via Monocular Geometric Priorscited by 0
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2026Breaking the Horizontal Prior: From Long-Tailed Orientation Bias to Roll-Robust Monocular Depth Estimation1 Aug 2026
- 2026SigLIP-HD by Fine-to-Coarse Supervision10 Jul 2026
- 2026BED-SAM2: Boundary-Enhanced-Depth SAM2 via Monocular Geometric Priors24 May 2026
- 2026Monocular Depth Estimation via Neural Network with Learnable Algebraic Group and Ring Structures27 Apr 2026
- 2026Modality-Specific Hierarchical Enhancement for RGB-D Camouflaged Object Detection3 Apr 2026
- 2025R3ST: A Synthetic 3D Dataset With Realistic Trajectories18 Dec 2025
- 2025PALMS+: Modular Image-Based Floor Plan Localization Leveraging Depth Foundation Model12 Nov 2025
- 2025Physics-Informed Deformable Gaussian Splatting: Towards Unified Constitutive Laws for Time-Evolving Material Field9 Nov 2025
- 2025BRIDGE -- Building Reinforcement-Learning Depth-to-Image Data Generation Engine for Monocular Depth Estimation29 Sep 2025
- 2025Can Large Pretrained Depth Estimation Models Help With Image Dehazing?1 Aug 2025
- 2025PacGDC: Label-Efficient Generalizable Depth Completion with Projection Ambiguity and Consistency10 Jul 2025
- 2025Underwater Monocular Metric Depth Estimation: Real-World Benchmarks and Synthetic Fine-Tuning with Vision Foundation Models2 Jul 2025
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)