mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

clip2latent: Text driven sampling of a pre-trained StyleGAN using denoising diffusion and CLIP

arXiv 2210.02347 ↗First posted 5 Oct 2022cs.CVcited by 16

On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing

Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce a new method to efficiently create text-to-image models from a pre-trained CLIP and StyleGAN. It enables text driven sampling with an existing generative model without any external data or fine-tuning. This is achieved by training a diffusion model conditioned on CLIP embeddings to sample latent vectors of a pre-trained StyleGAN, which we call clip2latent. We leverage the alignment between CLIP's image and text embeddings to avoid the need for any text labelled data for training the conditional diffusion model. We demonstrate that clip2latent allows us to generate high-resolution (1024x1024 pixels) images based on text prompts with fast sampling, high image quality, and low training compute and data requirements. We also show that the use of the well studied StyleGAN architecture, without further fine-tuning, allows us to directly apply existing methods to control and modify the generated images adding a further layer of control to our text-to-image pipeline.

Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 38 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Oct 2022.

Builds on

38 of 45 references.

Closest ancestors · 4

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2022Pretraining is All You Need for Image-to-Image Translation25 May
  2. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understanding23 May
  3. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents13 Apr
  4. 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Models20 Dec

Other references · 34

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  2. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  3. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  4. 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,005
  5. 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,717
  6. 2021Zero-Shot Text-to-Image Generationcited by 4,276
  7. 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 3,736
  8. 2019Analyzing and Improving the Image Quality of StyleGANcited by 3,580
  9. 2022Elucidating the Design Space of Diffusion-Based Generative Modelscited by 2,994
  10. 2018Large Scale GAN Training for High Fidelity Natural Image Synthesiscited by 2,609
  11. 2021LAION-400M: Open Dataset of CLIP-Filtered 400 Million Image-Text Pairscited by 1,544
  12. 2021Alias-Free Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,181
22 more
  1. 2020Improved Techniques for Training Score-Based Generative Modelscited by 1,036
  2. 2021StyleCLIP: Text-Driven Manipulation of StyleGAN Imagerycited by 990
  3. 2021Vector Quantized Diffusion Model for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 773
  4. 2020Encoding in Style: a StyleGAN Encoder for Image-to-Image Translationcited by 727
  5. 2019Image2StyleGAN: How to Embed Images Into the StyleGAN Latent Space?cited by 675
  6. 2022Mind the Gap: Understanding the Modality Gap in Multi-modal Contrastive Representation Learningcited by 553
  7. 2021Designing an Encoder for StyleGAN Image Manipulationcited by 542
  8. 2022StyleGAN-XL: Scaling StyleGAN to Large Diverse Datasetscited by 489
  9. 2020InterFaceGAN: Interpreting the Disentangled Face Representation Learned by GANscited by 393
  10. 2022CogView2: Faster and Better Text-to-Image Generation via Hierarchical Transformerscited by 305
  11. 2020Very Deep VAEs Generalize Autoregressive Models and Can Outperform Them on Imagescited by 261
  12. 2021ReStyle: A Residual-Based StyleGAN Encoder via Iterative Refinementcited by 248
  13. 2020Improved StyleGAN Embedding: Where are the Good Latents?cited by 88
  14. 2021CLIP2StyleGAN: Unsupervised Extraction of StyleGAN Edit Directionscited by 78
  15. 2021Aligning Latent and Image Spaces to Connect the Unconnectablecited by 70
  16. 2021Mind the Gap: Domain Gap Control for Single Shot Domain Adaptation for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 68
  17. 2022CLIP-GEN: Language-Free Training of a Text-to-Image Generator with CLIPcited by 60
  18. 2021StyleMC: Multi-Channel Based Fast Text-Guided Image Generation and Manipulationcited by 40
  19. 2022StudioGAN: A Taxonomy and Benchmark of GANs for Image Synthesiscited by 38
  20. 2021Predict, Prevent, and Evaluate: Disentangled Text-Driven Image Manipulation Empowered by Pre-Trained Vision-Language Modelcited by 34
  21. 2021An Image is Worth More Than a Thousand Words: Towards Disentanglement in the Wildcited by 30
  22. 2022ContraCLIP: Interpretable GAN generation driven by pairs of contrasting sentencescited by 12

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 6; 2024: 5; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.

16 papers.

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  1. 2023Text-to-image Diffusion Models in Generative AI: A Surveycited by 264
  2. 2025Personalized Image Generation with Deep Generative Models: A Decade Surveycited by 20
  3. 2022Bridging CLIP and StyleGAN through Latent Alignment for Image Editingcited by 12
  4. 2023Vision + Language Applications: A Surveycited by 8
  5. 2024MM2Latent: Text-to-facial image generation and editing in GANs with multimodal assistancecited by 7
  6. 2023CoralStyleCLIP: Co-optimized Region and Layer Selection for Image Editingcited by 5
  7. 20233D-CLFusion: Fast Text-to-3D Rendering with Contrastive Latent Diffusioncited by 4
  8. 20243DStyleGLIP: Part-Tailored Text-Guided 3D Neural Stylizationcited by 4
  9. 2025Mixture of Global and Local Experts with Diffusion Transformer for Controllable Face Generationcited by 4
  10. 2023SpectralCLIP: Preventing Artifacts in Text-Guided Style Transfer from a Spectral Perspectivecited by 3
  11. 2023TR0N: Translator Networks for 0-Shot Plug-and-Play Conditional Generationcited by 2
  12. 2024CLIP-VQDiffusion : Langauge Free Training of Text To Image generation using CLIP and vector quantized diffusion modelcited by 2
4 more
  1. 2024Revealing Directions for Text-guided 3D Face Editingcited by 2
  2. 2025Multivariate Diffusion Transformer with Decoupled Attention for High-Fidelity Mask-Text Collaborative Facial Generationcited by 1
  3. 2024Text-Driven Diverse Facial Texture Generation via Progressive Latent-Space Refinementcited by 0
  4. 2026Long-Tail Adaptive Flow Matching with Explicit Conditional Consistency Guidance for Precise Multimodal Face Synthesiscited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024ArtWeaver: Advanced Dynamic Style Integration via Diffusion Model
  2. 2023Controlled and Conditional Text to Image Generation with Diffusion Prior
  3. 2025Control-CLIP: Decoupling Category and Style Guidance in CLIP for Specific-Domain Generation
  4. 2023StyleGAN-T: Unlocking the Power of GANs for Fast Large-Scale Text-to-Image Synthesis
  5. 2023Kandinsky: an Improved Text-to-Image Synthesis with Image Prior and Latent Diffusion
  6. 2026ImageRAGTurbo: Towards One-step Text-to-Image Generation with Retrieval-Augmented Diffusion Models
  7. 2023SceneGenie: Scene Graph Guided Diffusion Models for Image Synthesis
  8. 2024StyleTokenizer: Defining Image Style by a Single Instance for Controlling Diffusion Models