mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Musika! Fast Infinite Waveform Music Generation

arXiv 2208.08706 ↗First posted 18 Aug 2022cs.SD cs.LG eess.AScited by 24

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Fast and user-controllable music generation could enable novel ways of composing or performing music. However, state-of-the-art music generation systems require large amounts of data and computational resources for training, and are slow at inference. This makes them impractical for real-time interactive use. In this work, we introduce Musika, a music generation system that can be trained on hundreds of hours of music using a single consumer GPU, and that allows for much faster than real-time generation of music of arbitrary length on a consumer CPU. We achieve this by first learning a compact invertible representation of spectrogram magnitudes and phases with adversarial autoencoders, then training a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) on this representation for a particular music domain. A latent coordinate system enables generating arbitrarily long sequences of excerpts in parallel, while a global context vector allows the music to remain stylistically coherent through time. We perform quantitative evaluations to assess the quality of the generated samples and showcase options for user control in piano and techno music generation. We release the source code and pretrained autoencoder weights at github.com/marcoppasini/musika, such that a GAN can be trained on a new music domain with a single GPU in a matter of hours.

Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Aug 2022.

Builds on

37 of 43 references.

References · 37

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  3. 2015Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shiftcited by 6,979
  4. 2017Neural Discrete Representation Learningcited by 4,650
  5. 2020Taming Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 3,229
  6. 2017Progressive Growing of GANs for Improved Quality, Stability, and Variationcited by 2,967
  7. 2017Arbitrary Style Transfer in Real-time with Adaptive Instance Normalizationcited by 1,998
  8. 2016WaveNet: A Generative Model for Raw Audiocited by 1,710
  9. 2018Spectral Normalization for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,618
  10. 2019Generating Diverse High-Fidelity Images with VQ-VAE-2cited by 1,376
  11. 2020HiFi-GAN: Generative Adversarial Networks for Efficient and High Fidelity Speech Synthesiscited by 1,139
  12. 2018Which Training Methods for GANs do actually Converge?cited by 672
25 more
  1. 2019LibriTTS: A Corpus Derived from LibriSpeech for Text-to-Speechcited by 639
  2. 2020Jukebox: A Generative Model for Musiccited by 535
  3. 2019MelGAN: Generative Adversarial Networks for Conditional Waveform Synthesiscited by 351
  4. 2017Geometric GANcited by 232
  5. 2017Neural Audio Synthesis of Musical Notes with WaveNet Autoencoderscited by 222
  6. 2018Adversarial Audio Synthesiscited by 222
  7. 2018Enabling Factorized Piano Music Modeling and Generation with the MAESTRO Datasetcited by 215
  8. 2021Projected GANs Converge Fastercited by 204
  9. 2020DDSP: Differentiable Digital Signal Processingcited by 177
  10. 2021Towards Faster and Stabilized GAN Training for High-fidelity Few-shot Image Synthesiscited by 140
  11. 2019GANSynth: Adversarial Neural Audio Synthesiscited by 114
  12. 2016SampleRNN: An Unconditional End-to-End Neural Audio Generation Modelcited by 110
  13. 2021RAVE: A variational autoencoder for fast and high-quality neural audio synthesiscited by 72
  14. 2021Aligning Latent and Image Spaces to Connect the Unconnectablecited by 70
  15. 2019COCO-GAN: Generation by Parts via Conditional Coordinatingcited by 67
  16. 2016madmom: a new Python Audio and Music Signal Processing Librarycited by 63
  17. 2021InfinityGAN: Towards Infinite-Pixel Image Synthesiscited by 61
  18. 2016GANS for Sequences of Discrete Elements with the Gumbel-softmax Distributioncited by 47
  19. 2020DrumGAN: Synthesis of Drum Sounds With Timbral Feature Conditioning Using Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 34
  20. 2021Parallel Tacotron 2: A Non-Autoregressive Neural TTS Model with Differentiable Duration Modelingcited by 31
  21. 2022iSTFTNet: Fast and Lightweight Mel-Spectrogram Vocoder Incorporating Inverse Short-Time Fourier Transformcited by 30
  22. 2020Comparing Representations for Audio Synthesis Using Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 13
  23. 2019MelGAN-VC: Voice Conversion and Audio Style Transfer on arbitrarily long samples using Spectrogramscited by 12
  24. 2020Unconditional Audio Generation with Generative Adversarial Networks and Cycle Regularizationcited by 12
  25. 2021MP3net: coherent, minute-long music generation from raw audio with a simple convolutional GANcited by 4

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 8; 2024: 6; 2025: 7; 2026: 2.

24 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2024Fast Timing-Conditioned Latent Audio Diffusioncited by 178
  2. 2023Vocos: Closing the gap between time-domain and Fourier-based neural vocoders for high-quality audio synthesiscited by 150
  3. 2023Mustango: Toward Controllable Text-to-Music Generationcited by 100
  4. 2023Efficient Neural Music Generationcited by 50
  5. 2024Diff-A-Riff: Musical Accompaniment Co-creation via Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 33
  6. 2024Music2Latent: Consistency Autoencoders for Latent Audio Compressioncited by 33
  7. 2024DITTO-2: Distilled Diffusion Inference-Time T-Optimization for Music Generationcited by 26
  8. 2023Long-Term Rhythmic Video Soundtrackercited by 17
  9. 2024Bass Accompaniment Generation via Latent Diffusioncited by 16
  10. 2023ERNIE-Music: Text-to-Waveform Music Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 15
  11. 2025Analyzable Chain-of-Musical-Thought Prompting for High-Fidelity Music Generationcited by 13
  12. 2025Survey on the Evaluation of Generative Models in Musiccited by 10
12 more
  1. 2024Detecting music deepfakes is easy but actually hardcited by 7
  2. 2025MusGO: A Community-Driven Framework For Assessing Openness in Music-Generative AIcited by 7
  3. 2025CoDiCodec: Unifying Continuous and Discrete Compressed Representations of Audiocited by 7
  4. 2023Msanii: High Fidelity Music Synthesis on a Shoestring Budgetcited by 6
  5. 2025Music2Latent2: Audio Compression with Summary Embeddings and Autoregressive Decodingcited by 4
  6. 2022A Survey on Artificial Intelligence for Music Generation: Agents, Domains and Perspectivescited by 3
  7. 2023IteraTTA: An interface for exploring both text prompts and audio priors in generating music with text-to-audio modelscited by 3
  8. 2026LiveBand: Live Accompaniment Generation in the Audio Domaincited by 2
  9. 2025Designing Neural Synthesizers for Low-Latency Interactioncited by 1
  10. 2025Music Boomerang: Reusing Diffusion Models for Data Augmentation and Audio Manipulationcited by 1
  11. 2026MusGU+: Toward a Musician-Centered Evaluation Framework and Discovery Tool for Generative Music AIcited by 1
  12. 2023Progressive distillation diffusion for raw music generationcited by 0