Musika! Fast Infinite Waveform Music Generation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Fast and user-controllable music generation could enable novel ways of composing or performing music. However, state-of-the-art music generation systems require large amounts of data and computational resources for training, and are slow at inference. This makes them impractical for real-time interactive use. In this work, we introduce Musika, a music generation system that can be trained on hundreds of hours of music using a single consumer GPU, and that allows for much faster than real-time generation of music of arbitrary length on a consumer CPU. We achieve this by first learning a compact invertible representation of spectrogram magnitudes and phases with adversarial autoencoders, then training a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) on this representation for a particular music domain. A latent coordinate system enables generating arbitrarily long sequences of excerpts in parallel, while a global context vector allows the music to remain stylistically coherent through time. We perform quantitative evaluations to assess the quality of the generated samples and showcase options for user control in piano and techno music generation. We release the source code and pretrained autoencoder weights at github.com/marcoppasini/musika, such that a GAN can be trained on a new music domain with a single GPU in a matter of hours.
Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Aug 2022.
Builds on
37 of 43 references.
References · 37
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25 more
- 2019LibriTTS: A Corpus Derived from LibriSpeech for Text-to-Speechcited by 639
- 2020Jukebox: A Generative Model for Musiccited by 535
- 2019MelGAN: Generative Adversarial Networks for Conditional Waveform Synthesiscited by 351
- 2017Geometric GANcited by 232
- 2017Neural Audio Synthesis of Musical Notes with WaveNet Autoencoderscited by 222
- 2018Adversarial Audio Synthesiscited by 222
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 8; 2024: 6; 2025: 7; 2026: 2.
24 papers.
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- 2024Fast Timing-Conditioned Latent Audio Diffusioncited by 178
- 2023Vocos: Closing the gap between time-domain and Fourier-based neural vocoders for high-quality audio synthesiscited by 150
- 2023Mustango: Toward Controllable Text-to-Music Generationcited by 100
- 2023Efficient Neural Music Generationcited by 50
- 2024Diff-A-Riff: Musical Accompaniment Co-creation via Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 33
- 2024Music2Latent: Consistency Autoencoders for Latent Audio Compressioncited by 33
- 2024DITTO-2: Distilled Diffusion Inference-Time T-Optimization for Music Generationcited by 26
- 2023Long-Term Rhythmic Video Soundtrackercited by 17
- 2024Bass Accompaniment Generation via Latent Diffusioncited by 16
- 2023ERNIE-Music: Text-to-Waveform Music Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 15
- 2025Analyzable Chain-of-Musical-Thought Prompting for High-Fidelity Music Generationcited by 13
- 2025Survey on the Evaluation of Generative Models in Musiccited by 10
12 more
- 2024Detecting music deepfakes is easy but actually hardcited by 7
- 2025MusGO: A Community-Driven Framework For Assessing Openness in Music-Generative AIcited by 7
- 2025CoDiCodec: Unifying Continuous and Discrete Compressed Representations of Audiocited by 7
- 2023Msanii: High Fidelity Music Synthesis on a Shoestring Budgetcited by 6
- 2025Music2Latent2: Audio Compression with Summary Embeddings and Autoregressive Decodingcited by 4
- 2022A Survey on Artificial Intelligence for Music Generation: Agents, Domains and Perspectivescited by 3
- 2023IteraTTA: An interface for exploring both text prompts and audio priors in generating music with text-to-audio modelscited by 3
- 2026LiveBand: Live Accompaniment Generation in the Audio Domaincited by 2
- 2025Designing Neural Synthesizers for Low-Latency Interactioncited by 1
- 2025Music Boomerang: Reusing Diffusion Models for Data Augmentation and Audio Manipulationcited by 1
- 2026MusGU+: Toward a Musician-Centered Evaluation Framework and Discovery Tool for Generative Music AIcited by 1
- 2023Progressive distillation diffusion for raw music generationcited by 0
- 2026MusGU+: Toward a Musician-Centered Evaluation Framework and Discovery Tool for Generative Music AI31 Aug 2026
- 2026LiveBand: Live Accompaniment Generation in the Audio Domain2 Jun 2026
- 2025CoDiCodec: Unifying Continuous and Discrete Compressed Representations of Audio11 Sep 2025
- 2025Music Boomerang: Reusing Diffusion Models for Data Augmentation and Audio Manipulation7 Jul 2025
- 2025MusGO: A Community-Driven Framework For Assessing Openness in Music-Generative AI4 Jul 2025
- 2025Survey on the Evaluation of Generative Models in Music5 Jun 2025
- 2025Analyzable Chain-of-Musical-Thought Prompting for High-Fidelity Music Generation25 Mar 2025
- 2025Designing Neural Synthesizers for Low-Latency Interaction14 Mar 2025
- 2025Music2Latent2: Audio Compression with Summary Embeddings and Autoregressive Decoding29 Jan 2025
- 2024Music2Latent: Consistency Autoencoders for Latent Audio Compression12 Aug 2024
- 2024Diff-A-Riff: Musical Accompaniment Co-creation via Latent Diffusion Models12 Jun 2024
- 2024DITTO-2: Distilled Diffusion Inference-Time T-Optimization for Music Generation30 May 2024
12 more
- 2024Detecting music deepfakes is easy but actually hard7 May 2024
- 2024Fast Timing-Conditioned Latent Audio Diffusion7 Feb 2024
- 2024Bass Accompaniment Generation via Latent Diffusion2 Feb 2024
- 2023Mustango: Toward Controllable Text-to-Music Generation14 Nov 2023
- 2023IteraTTA: An interface for exploring both text prompts and audio priors in generating music with text-to-audio models24 Jul 2023
- 2023Progressive distillation diffusion for raw music generation20 Jul 2023
- 2023Vocos: Closing the gap between time-domain and Fourier-based neural vocoders for high-quality audio synthesis1 Jun 2023
- 2023Efficient Neural Music Generation25 May 2023
- 2023Long-Term Rhythmic Video Soundtracker2 May 2023
- 2023ERNIE-Music: Text-to-Waveform Music Generation with Diffusion Models9 Feb 2023
- 2023Msanii: High Fidelity Music Synthesis on a Shoestring Budget16 Jan 2023
- 2022A Survey on Artificial Intelligence for Music Generation: Agents, Domains and Perspectives25 Oct 2022
- 2023Mustango: Toward Controllable Text-to-Music Generationcited by 100
- 2024Diff-A-Riff: Musical Accompaniment Co-creation via Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 33
- 2024Music2Latent: Consistency Autoencoders for Latent Audio Compressioncited by 33
- 2024DITTO-2: Distilled Diffusion Inference-Time T-Optimization for Music Generationcited by 26
- 2024Bass Accompaniment Generation via Latent Diffusioncited by 16
- 2023ERNIE-Music: Text-to-Waveform Music Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 15
- 2025Music2Latent2: Audio Compression with Summary Embeddings and Autoregressive Decodingcited by 4
- 2025Music Boomerang: Reusing Diffusion Models for Data Augmentation and Audio Manipulationcited by 1
- 2025Music Boomerang: Reusing Diffusion Models for Data Augmentation and Audio Manipulation7 Jul 2025
- 2025Music2Latent2: Audio Compression with Summary Embeddings and Autoregressive Decoding29 Jan 2025
- 2024Music2Latent: Consistency Autoencoders for Latent Audio Compression12 Aug 2024
- 2024Diff-A-Riff: Musical Accompaniment Co-creation via Latent Diffusion Models12 Jun 2024
- 2024DITTO-2: Distilled Diffusion Inference-Time T-Optimization for Music Generation30 May 2024
- 2024Bass Accompaniment Generation via Latent Diffusion2 Feb 2024
- 2023Mustango: Toward Controllable Text-to-Music Generation14 Nov 2023
- 2023ERNIE-Music: Text-to-Waveform Music Generation with Diffusion Models9 Feb 2023
- 2024Fast Timing-Conditioned Latent Audio Diffusioncited by 178
- 2023Vocos: Closing the gap between time-domain and Fourier-based neural vocoders for high-quality audio synthesiscited by 150
- 2023Efficient Neural Music Generationcited by 50
- 2023Long-Term Rhythmic Video Soundtrackercited by 17
- 2025Analyzable Chain-of-Musical-Thought Prompting for High-Fidelity Music Generationcited by 13
- 2025Survey on the Evaluation of Generative Models in Musiccited by 10
- 2024Detecting music deepfakes is easy but actually hardcited by 7
- 2025MusGO: A Community-Driven Framework For Assessing Openness in Music-Generative AIcited by 7
- 2025CoDiCodec: Unifying Continuous and Discrete Compressed Representations of Audiocited by 7
- 2023Msanii: High Fidelity Music Synthesis on a Shoestring Budgetcited by 6
- 2022A Survey on Artificial Intelligence for Music Generation: Agents, Domains and Perspectivescited by 3
- 2023IteraTTA: An interface for exploring both text prompts and audio priors in generating music with text-to-audio modelscited by 3
12 most cited of 16 All 16 (JSON)
- 2026MusGU+: Toward a Musician-Centered Evaluation Framework and Discovery Tool for Generative Music AI31 Aug 2026
- 2026LiveBand: Live Accompaniment Generation in the Audio Domain2 Jun 2026
- 2025CoDiCodec: Unifying Continuous and Discrete Compressed Representations of Audio11 Sep 2025
- 2025MusGO: A Community-Driven Framework For Assessing Openness in Music-Generative AI4 Jul 2025
- 2025Survey on the Evaluation of Generative Models in Music5 Jun 2025
- 2025Analyzable Chain-of-Musical-Thought Prompting for High-Fidelity Music Generation25 Mar 2025
- 2025Designing Neural Synthesizers for Low-Latency Interaction14 Mar 2025
- 2024Detecting music deepfakes is easy but actually hard7 May 2024
- 2024Fast Timing-Conditioned Latent Audio Diffusion7 Feb 2024
- 2023IteraTTA: An interface for exploring both text prompts and audio priors in generating music with text-to-audio models24 Jul 2023
- 2023Progressive distillation diffusion for raw music generation20 Jul 2023
- 2023Vocos: Closing the gap between time-domain and Fourier-based neural vocoders for high-quality audio synthesis1 Jun 2023
12 newest of 16 All 16 (JSON)