madmom: a new Python Audio and Music Signal Processing Library
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper, we present madmom, an open-source audio processing and music information retrieval (MIR) library written in Python. madmom features a concise, NumPy-compatible, object oriented design with simple calling conventions and sensible default values for all parameters, which facilitates fast prototyping of MIR applications. Prototypes can be seamlessly converted into callable processing pipelines through madmom's concept of Processors, callable objects that run transparently on multiple cores. Processors can also be serialised, saved, and re-run to allow results to be easily reproduced anywhere. Apart from low-level audio processing, madmom puts emphasis on musically meaningful high-level features. Many of these incorporate machine learning techniques and madmom provides a module that implements some in MIR commonly used methods such as hidden Markov models and neural networks. Additionally, madmom comes with several state-of-the-art MIR algorithms for onset detection, beat, downbeat and meter tracking, tempo estimation, and piano transcription. These can easily be incorporated into bigger MIR systems or run as stand-alone programs.
Key facts. Cited by 63 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 23 May 2016.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 14; 2022: 9; 2023: 7; 2024: 9; 2025: 11; 2026: 13.
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- 2023MERT: Acoustic Music Understanding Model with Large-Scale Self-supervised Trainingcited by 175
- 2021Compound Word Transformer: Learning to Compose Full-Song Music over Dynamic Directed Hypergraphscited by 109
- 2023SingSong: Generating musical accompaniments from singingcited by 54
- 2021MuseMorphose: Full-Song and Fine-Grained Piano Music Style Transfer with One Transformer VAEcited by 39
- 2023MARBLE: Music Audio Representation Benchmark for Universal Evaluationcited by 38
- 2021Relative Positional Encoding for Transformers with Linear Complexitycited by 36
- 2024Foundation Models for Music: A Surveycited by 34
- 2023LLark: A Multimodal Instruction-Following Language Model for Musiccited by 29
- 2022Video Background Music Generation: Dataset, Method and Evaluationcited by 28
- 2022Musika! Fast Infinite Waveform Music Generationcited by 24
- 2022Melody transcription via generative pre-trainingcited by 23
- 2023Content-based Controls For Music Large Language Modelingcited by 19
38 more
- 2024Arrange, Inpaint, and Refine: Steerable Long-term Music Audio Generation and Editing via Content-based Controlscited by 17
- 2021Omnizart: A General Toolbox for Automatic Music Transcriptioncited by 13
- 2021BERT-like Pre-training for Symbolic Piano Music Classification Taskscited by 12
- 2021BeatNet: CRNN and Particle Filtering for Online Joint Beat Downbeat and Meter Trackingcited by 12
- 2022JukeDrummer: Conditional Beat-aware Audio-domain Drum Accompaniment Generation via Transformer VQ-VAEcited by 11
- 2024MusiConGen: Rhythm and Chord Control for Transformer-Based Text-to-Music Generationcited by 11
- 2024OpenMU: Your Swiss Army Knife for Music Understandingcited by 9
- 2025MuseControlLite: Multifunctional Music Generation with Lightweight Conditionerscited by 9
- 2021Uncovering audio patterns in music with Nonnegative Tucker Decomposition for structural segmentationcited by 8
- 2026AuTAgent: A Reinforcement Learning Framework for Tool-Augmented Audio Reasoningcited by 6
- 2026CutClaw: Agentic Hours-Long Video Editing via Music Synchronizationcited by 6
- 2021Modeling the Compatibility of Stem Tracks to Generate Music Mashupscited by 5
- 2023On the Effectiveness of Speech Self-supervised Learning for Musiccited by 5
- 2025FilmComposer: LLM-Driven Music Production for Silent Film Clipscited by 5
- 2025Music Audio-Visual Question Answering Requires Specialized Multimodal Designscited by 4
- 2021Automatic DJ Transitions with Differentiable Audio Effects and Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 3
- 2022A Survey on Artificial Intelligence for Music Generation: Agents, Domains and Perspectivescited by 3
- 2024MOSA: Music Motion with Semantic Annotation Dataset for Cross-Modal Music Processingcited by 3
- 2025Controllable Video-to-Music Generation with Multiple Time-Varying Conditionscited by 3
- 2021Drum-Aware Ensemble Architecture for Improved Joint Musical Beat and Downbeat Trackingcited by 2
- 2021Source Separation-based Data Augmentation for Improved Joint Beat and Downbeat Trackingcited by 2
- 2022SSM-Net: feature learning for Music Structure Analysis using a Self-Similarity-Matrix based losscited by 2
- 2024SoundSignature: What Type of Music Do You Like?cited by 2
- 2024Just Label the Repeats for In-The-Wild Audio-to-Score Alignmentcited by 2
- 2025DeepResonance: Enhancing Multimodal Music Understanding via Music-centric Multi-way Instruction Tuningcited by 2
- 2025TalkPlayData 2: An Agentic Synthetic Data Pipeline for Multimodal Conversational Music Recommendationcited by 2
- 2026MusTBench: Benchmarking and Advancing Temporal Grounding in Music LLMscited by 2
- 2026LiveBand: Live Accompaniment Generation in the Audio Domaincited by 2
- 2021Global Structure-Aware Drum Transcription Based on Self-Attention Mechanismscited by 1
- 2021Nonnegative Tucker Decomposition with Beta-divergence for Music Structure Analysis of Audio Signalscited by 1
- 2024Practical and Reproducible Symbolic Music Generation by Large Language Models with Structural Embeddingscited by 1
- 2025Cross-Modal Learning for Music-to-Music-Video Description Generationcited by 1
- 2025Towards Human-in-the-Loop Onset Detection: A Transfer Learning Approach for Maracatucited by 1
- 2026Stemphonic: All-at-once Flexible Multi-stem Music Generationcited by 1
- 2026TEMPO: Temporally-grounded Multi-task Post-training for Large Audio-Language Modelscited by 1
- 2021Exploring single-song autoencoding schemes for audio-based music structure analysiscited by 0
- 2022Self-Supervised Beat Tracking in Musical Signals with Polyphonic Contrastive Learningcited by 0
- 2022Barwise Compression Schemes for Audio-Based Music Structure Analysiscited by 0
50 most cited of 63 All 63 (JSON)
- 2026TimeCues Studio: A Workspace for Music Annotation and Algorithm Prototyping9 Sep 2026
- 2026On the Human and Computer Alignment of Attribute-Based Music Matches1 Sep 2026
- 2026TEMPO: Temporally-grounded Multi-task Post-training for Large Audio-Language Models30 Aug 2026
- 2026Audio-to-Score Transcription using Pre-trained Features, Data Augmentation, and the New SheetSage-A2S Dataset6 Aug 2026
- 2026Separate-and-Detect: Unified Drum Transcription and Stem Generation via Latent Diffusion2 Aug 2026
- 2026MulTTiPop: A Multitrack Transcription Dataset for Pop Music9 Jul 2026
- 2026Decomposer: Learning to Decompile Symbolic Music to Programs2 Jul 2026
- 2026LiveBand: Live Accompaniment Generation in the Audio Domain2 Jun 2026
- 2026MusTBench: Benchmarking and Advancing Temporal Grounding in Music LLMs28 May 2026
- 2026Seconds-Aligned PCA-DAC Latent Diffusion for Symbolic-to-Audio Drum Rendering13 May 2026
- 2026CutClaw: Agentic Hours-Long Video Editing via Music Synchronization31 Mar 2026
- 2026AuTAgent: A Reinforcement Learning Framework for Tool-Augmented Audio Reasoning14 Feb 2026
38 more
- 2026Stemphonic: All-at-once Flexible Multi-stem Music Generation10 Feb 2026
- 2025BERT-APC: A Reference-free Framework for Automatic Pitch Correction via Musical Context Inference25 Nov 2025
- 2025AlignBeat: A Latent Variable Model for Multi-Class Beat Tracking from Partially Labeled Data16 Oct 2025
- 2025Barwise Section Boundary Detection in Symbolic Music Using Convolutional Neural Networks20 Sep 2025
- 2025TalkPlayData 2: An Agentic Synthetic Data Pipeline for Multimodal Conversational Music Recommendation18 Aug 2025
- 2025Controllable Video-to-Music Generation with Multiple Time-Varying Conditions28 Jul 2025
- 2025Towards Human-in-the-Loop Onset Detection: A Transfer Learning Approach for Maracatu7 Jul 2025
- 2025MuseControlLite: Multifunctional Music Generation with Lightweight Conditioners23 Jun 2025
- 2025Music Audio-Visual Question Answering Requires Specialized Multimodal Designs27 May 2025
- 2025Cross-Modal Learning for Music-to-Music-Video Description Generation14 Mar 2025
- 2025FilmComposer: LLM-Driven Music Production for Silent Film Clips11 Mar 2025
- 2025DeepResonance: Enhancing Multimodal Music Understanding via Music-centric Multi-way Instruction Tuning18 Feb 2025
- 2024AI TrackMate: Finally, Someone Who Will Give Your Music More Than Just "Sounds Great!"9 Dec 2024
- 2024Just Label the Repeats for In-The-Wild Audio-to-Score Alignment11 Nov 2024
- 2024OpenMU: Your Swiss Army Knife for Music Understanding21 Oct 2024
- 2024SoundSignature: What Type of Music Do You Like?4 Oct 2024
- 2024Foundation Models for Music: A Survey26 Aug 2024
- 2024Practical and Reproducible Symbolic Music Generation by Large Language Models with Structural Embeddings29 Jul 2024
- 2024MusiConGen: Rhythm and Chord Control for Transformer-Based Text-to-Music Generation21 Jul 2024
- 2024MOSA: Music Motion with Semantic Annotation Dataset for Cross-Modal Music Processing10 Jun 2024
- 2024Arrange, Inpaint, and Refine: Steerable Long-term Music Audio Generation and Editing via Content-based Controls14 Feb 2024
- 2023Content-based Controls For Music Large Language Modeling26 Oct 2023
- 2023LLark: A Multimodal Instruction-Following Language Model for Music11 Oct 2023
- 2023On the Effectiveness of Speech Self-supervised Learning for Music11 Jul 2023
- 2023MARBLE: Music Audio Representation Benchmark for Universal Evaluation18 Jun 2023
- 2023MERT: Acoustic Music Understanding Model with Large-Scale Self-supervised Training31 May 2023
- 2023SingSong: Generating musical accompaniments from singing30 Jan 2023
- 2023Multi-Genre Music Transformer -- Composing Full Length Musical Piece6 Jan 2023
- 2022Melody transcription via generative pre-training4 Dec 2022
- 2022Video Background Music Generation: Dataset, Method and Evaluation21 Nov 2022
- 2022SSM-Net: feature learning for Music Structure Analysis using a Self-Similarity-Matrix based loss15 Nov 2022
- 2022A Survey on Artificial Intelligence for Music Generation: Agents, Domains and Perspectives25 Oct 2022
- 2022JukeDrummer: Conditional Beat-aware Audio-domain Drum Accompaniment Generation via Transformer VQ-VAE12 Oct 2022
- 2022Pathway to Future Symbiotic Creativity18 Aug 2022
- 2022Musika! Fast Infinite Waveform Music Generation18 Aug 2022
- 2022Barwise Compression Schemes for Audio-Based Music Structure Analysis10 Feb 2022
- 2022Self-Supervised Beat Tracking in Musical Signals with Polyphonic Contrastive Learning5 Jan 2022
- 2021Exploring single-song autoencoding schemes for audio-based music structure analysis27 Oct 2021
50 newest of 63 All 63 (JSON)
- 2023MERT: Acoustic Music Understanding Model with Large-Scale Self-supervised Trainingcited by 175
- 2021Compound Word Transformer: Learning to Compose Full-Song Music over Dynamic Directed Hypergraphscited by 109
- 2023SingSong: Generating musical accompaniments from singingcited by 54
- 2021MuseMorphose: Full-Song and Fine-Grained Piano Music Style Transfer with One Transformer VAEcited by 39
- 2023MARBLE: Music Audio Representation Benchmark for Universal Evaluationcited by 38
- 2021Relative Positional Encoding for Transformers with Linear Complexitycited by 36
- 2023LLark: A Multimodal Instruction-Following Language Model for Musiccited by 29
- 2022Video Background Music Generation: Dataset, Method and Evaluationcited by 28
- 2022Musika! Fast Infinite Waveform Music Generationcited by 24
- 2022Melody transcription via generative pre-trainingcited by 23
- 2023Content-based Controls For Music Large Language Modelingcited by 19
- 2024Arrange, Inpaint, and Refine: Steerable Long-term Music Audio Generation and Editing via Content-based Controlscited by 17
12 most cited of 56 All 56 (JSON)
- 2026TimeCues Studio: A Workspace for Music Annotation and Algorithm Prototyping9 Sep 2026
- 2026On the Human and Computer Alignment of Attribute-Based Music Matches1 Sep 2026
- 2026TEMPO: Temporally-grounded Multi-task Post-training for Large Audio-Language Models30 Aug 2026
- 2026Audio-to-Score Transcription using Pre-trained Features, Data Augmentation, and the New SheetSage-A2S Dataset6 Aug 2026
- 2026MulTTiPop: A Multitrack Transcription Dataset for Pop Music9 Jul 2026
- 2026Decomposer: Learning to Decompile Symbolic Music to Programs2 Jul 2026
- 2026LiveBand: Live Accompaniment Generation in the Audio Domain2 Jun 2026
- 2026MusTBench: Benchmarking and Advancing Temporal Grounding in Music LLMs28 May 2026
- 2026Stemphonic: All-at-once Flexible Multi-stem Music Generation10 Feb 2026
- 2025BERT-APC: A Reference-free Framework for Automatic Pitch Correction via Musical Context Inference25 Nov 2025
- 2025AlignBeat: A Latent Variable Model for Multi-Class Beat Tracking from Partially Labeled Data16 Oct 2025
- 2025Barwise Section Boundary Detection in Symbolic Music Using Convolutional Neural Networks20 Sep 2025
12 newest of 56 All 56 (JSON)