Learning Hyper Label Model for Programmatic Weak Supervision
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Abstract (arXiv)
To reduce the human annotation efforts, the programmatic weak supervision (PWS) paradigm abstracts weak supervision sources as labeling functions (LFs) and involves a label model to aggregate the output of multiple LFs to produce training labels. Most existing label models require a parameter learning step for each dataset. In this work, we present a hyper label model that (once learned) infers the ground-truth labels for each dataset in a single forward pass without dataset-specific parameter learning. The hyper label model approximates an optimal analytical (yet computationally intractable) solution of the ground-truth labels. We train the model on synthetic data generated in the way that ensures the model approximates the analytical optimal solution, and build the model upon Graph Neural Network (GNN) to ensure the model prediction being invariant (or equivariant) to the permutation of LFs (or data points). On 14 real-world datasets, our hyper label model outperforms the best existing methods in both accuracy (by 1.4 points on average) and efficiency (by six times on average). Our code is available at https://github.com/wurenzhi/hyper_label_model
Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 61 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Jul 2022.
Builds on
32 of 61 references.
References · 32
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- 2022A Survey on Programmatic Weak Supervisioncited by 66
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 8; 2024: 3; 2025: 2; 2026: 2.
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- 2023Transferring Annotator- and Instance-dependent Transition Matrix for Learning from Crowdscited by 11
- 2023Imprecise Label Learning: A Unified Framework for Learning with Various Imprecise Label Configurationscited by 9
- 2023How Many Validation Labels Do You Need? Exploring the Design Space of Label-Efficient Model Rankingcited by 8
- 2022Ground Truth Inference for Weakly Supervised Entity Matchingcited by 5
- 2023Mitigating Source Bias for Fairer Weak Supervisioncited by 3
- 2023Embroid: Unsupervised Prediction Smoothing Can Improve Few-Shot Classificationcited by 3
- 2024Employing Label Models on ChatGPT Answers Improves Legal Text Entailment Performancecited by 2
- 2023It HAS to be Subjective: Human Annotator Simulation via Zero-shot Density Estimationcited by 1
- 2023Fusing Conditional Submodular GAN and Programmatic Weak Supervisioncited by 1
- 2024Convergence Behavior of an Adversarial Weak Supervision Methodcited by 1
- 2024WeShap: Weak Supervision Source Evaluation with Shapley Valuescited by 1
- 2025Reliable Programmatic Weak Supervision with Confidence Intervals for Label Probabilitiescited by 1
4 more
- 2023RACH-Space: Reconstructing Adaptive Convex Hull Space with Applications in Weak Supervisioncited by 0
- 2025Weak Supervision for Real World Graphscited by 0
- 2026Unsupervised Ensemble Learning Through Deep Energy-based Modelscited by 0
- 2026Causal Discovery Should Embrace the Wisdom of the Crowdcited by 0
- 2026Causal Discovery Should Embrace the Wisdom of the Crowd3 Mar 2026
- 2026Unsupervised Ensemble Learning Through Deep Energy-based Models28 Jan 2026
- 2025Reliable Programmatic Weak Supervision with Confidence Intervals for Label Probabilities5 Aug 2025
- 2025Weak Supervision for Real World Graphs3 Jun 2025
- 2024WeShap: Weak Supervision Source Evaluation with Shapley Values16 Jun 2024
- 2024Convergence Behavior of an Adversarial Weak Supervision Method25 May 2024
- 2024Employing Label Models on ChatGPT Answers Improves Legal Text Entailment Performance31 Jan 2024
- 2023Fusing Conditional Submodular GAN and Programmatic Weak Supervision16 Dec 2023
- 2023How Many Validation Labels Do You Need? Exploring the Design Space of Label-Efficient Model Ranking4 Dec 2023
- 2023It HAS to be Subjective: Human Annotator Simulation via Zero-shot Density Estimation30 Sep 2023
- 2023Embroid: Unsupervised Prediction Smoothing Can Improve Few-Shot Classification20 Jul 2023
- 2023RACH-Space: Reconstructing Adaptive Convex Hull Space with Applications in Weak Supervision10 Jul 2023
4 more
- 2023Transferring Annotator- and Instance-dependent Transition Matrix for Learning from Crowds5 Jun 2023
- 2023Imprecise Label Learning: A Unified Framework for Learning with Various Imprecise Label Configurations22 May 2023
- 2023Mitigating Source Bias for Fairer Weak Supervision30 Mar 2023
- 2022Ground Truth Inference for Weakly Supervised Entity Matching13 Nov 2022
- 2023Transferring Annotator- and Instance-dependent Transition Matrix for Learning from Crowdscited by 11
- 2023Imprecise Label Learning: A Unified Framework for Learning with Various Imprecise Label Configurationscited by 9
- 2023How Many Validation Labels Do You Need? Exploring the Design Space of Label-Efficient Model Rankingcited by 8
- 2022Ground Truth Inference for Weakly Supervised Entity Matchingcited by 5
- 2023Mitigating Source Bias for Fairer Weak Supervisioncited by 3
- 2023Embroid: Unsupervised Prediction Smoothing Can Improve Few-Shot Classificationcited by 3
- 2024Employing Label Models on ChatGPT Answers Improves Legal Text Entailment Performancecited by 2
- 2023It HAS to be Subjective: Human Annotator Simulation via Zero-shot Density Estimationcited by 1
- 2023Fusing Conditional Submodular GAN and Programmatic Weak Supervisioncited by 1
- 2024Convergence Behavior of an Adversarial Weak Supervision Methodcited by 1
- 2024WeShap: Weak Supervision Source Evaluation with Shapley Valuescited by 1
- 2025Reliable Programmatic Weak Supervision with Confidence Intervals for Label Probabilitiescited by 1
12 most cited of 16 All 16 (JSON)
- 2026Causal Discovery Should Embrace the Wisdom of the Crowd3 Mar 2026
- 2026Unsupervised Ensemble Learning Through Deep Energy-based Models28 Jan 2026
- 2025Reliable Programmatic Weak Supervision with Confidence Intervals for Label Probabilities5 Aug 2025
- 2025Weak Supervision for Real World Graphs3 Jun 2025
- 2024WeShap: Weak Supervision Source Evaluation with Shapley Values16 Jun 2024
- 2024Convergence Behavior of an Adversarial Weak Supervision Method25 May 2024
- 2024Employing Label Models on ChatGPT Answers Improves Legal Text Entailment Performance31 Jan 2024
- 2023Fusing Conditional Submodular GAN and Programmatic Weak Supervision16 Dec 2023
- 2023How Many Validation Labels Do You Need? Exploring the Design Space of Label-Efficient Model Ranking4 Dec 2023
- 2023It HAS to be Subjective: Human Annotator Simulation via Zero-shot Density Estimation30 Sep 2023
- 2023Embroid: Unsupervised Prediction Smoothing Can Improve Few-Shot Classification20 Jul 2023
- 2023RACH-Space: Reconstructing Adaptive Convex Hull Space with Applications in Weak Supervision10 Jul 2023
12 newest of 16 All 16 (JSON)