EmoBank: Studying the Impact of Annotation Perspective and Representation Format on Dimensional Emotion Analysis
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Abstract (arXiv)
We describe EmoBank, a corpus of 10k English sentences balancing multiple genres, which we annotated with dimensional emotion metadata in the Valence-Arousal-Dominance (VAD) representation format. EmoBank excels with a bi-perspectival and bi-representational design. On the one hand, we distinguish between writer's and reader's emotions, on the other hand, a subset of the corpus complements dimensional VAD annotations with categorical ones based on Basic Emotions. We find evidence for the supremacy of the reader's perspective in terms of IAA and rating intensity, and achieve close-to-human performance when mapping between dimensional and categorical formats.
Key facts. Cited by 75 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 1 of its 40 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 May 2022.
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1 of 40 references.
References · 1
- 2013Crowdsourcing a Word-Emotion Association Lexiconcited by 193
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 6; 2023: 12; 2024: 9; 2025: 19; 2026: 29.
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- 2023Do LLMs Understand Social Knowledge? Evaluating the Sociability of Large Language Models with SocKET Benchmarkcited by 62
- 2024EmoLLMs: A Series of Emotional Large Language Models and Annotation Tools for Comprehensive Affective Analysiscited by 62
- 2022Dimensional Modeling of Emotions in Text with Appraisal Theories: Corpus Creation, Annotation Reliability, and Predictioncited by 45
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- 2023Design Choices for Crowdsourcing Implicit Discourse Relations: Revealing the Biases Introduced by Task Designcited by 14
- 2022Natural Language Inference Prompts for Zero-shot Emotion Classification in Text across Corporacited by 13
- 2023Emotion fusion for mental illness detection from social media: A surveycited by 13
- 2024From Text to Emotion: Unveiling the Emotion Annotation Capabilities of LLMscited by 13
- 2023Quantifying Valence and Arousal in Text with Multilingual Pre-trained Transformerscited by 11
- 2025Decoding Emotion in the Deep: A Systematic Study of How LLMs Represent, Retain, and Express Emotioncited by 10
- 2022APPReddit: a Corpus of Reddit Posts Annotated for Appraisalcited by 7
- 2023Emotion Recognition based on Psychological Components in Guided Narratives for Emotion Regulationcited by 7
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- 2026SemEval-2026 Task 3: Dimensional Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (DimABSA)cited by 4
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- 2026LogSigma at SemEval-2026 Task 3: Uncertainty-Weighted Multitask Learning for Dimensional Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysiscited by 1
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50 most cited of 75 All 75 (JSON)
- 2026More Choices, Fewer Decisions: Ordinal-Scale Bias in JEV-like Direct-Decision Models30 Sep 2026
- 2026DSPO: Diversity-aware Subjective Policy Optimization for Robust Emotional Reasoning29 Sep 2026
- 2026Beyond End-to-End Black Box Mapping: An Intentional Agent Framework for Cognitive-driven Facial Reaction Generation28 Sep 2026
- 2026Emotion Experience, Expression, and Perception: Emotion Analysis on Multimodal Social Media Posts16 Sep 2026
- 2026You Can't Prefer Emotions You Don't Sample: Intensity Undershoot in DPO-Tuned LLMs7 Sep 2026
- 2026Chiaroscuro for Emotions: A Contrastive Emotion Benchmark Grounded in Appraisal Theory3 Sep 2026
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- 2026VIBE: A VAD-Informed Benchmark for Entity-Centered Affective Profiling of Large Language Model Outputs4 Aug 2026
- 2026VA-DPO: Valence-Arousal Direct Preference Optimization for Controllable Emotion Generation in Language Models23 Jun 2026
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- 2026ICT-NLP at SemEval-2026 Task 3: Less Is More -- Multilingual Encoder with Joint Training and Adaptive Ensemble for Dimensional Aspect Sentiment Regression11 May 2026
- 2026Beyond Semantics: Measuring Fine-Grained Emotion Preservation in Small Language Model-Based Machine Translation30 Apr 2026
- 2026LLMs Capture Emotion Labels, Not Emotion Uncertainty: Distributional Analysis and Calibration of Human-LLM Judgment Gaps30 Apr 2026
- 2026UKP_Psycontrol at SemEval-2026 Task 2: Modeling Valence and Arousal Dynamics from Text23 Apr 2026
- 2026A Hormone-inspired Emotion Layer for Transformer language models (HELT)13 Apr 2026
- 2026PERCEIVE: A Benchmark for Personalized Emotion and Communication Behavior Understanding on Social Media10 Apr 2026
- 2026NCL-BU at SemEval-2026 Task 3: Fine-tuning XLM-RoBERTa for Multilingual Dimensional Sentiment Regression10 Apr 2026
- 2026SemEval-2026 Task 3: Dimensional Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (DimABSA)8 Apr 2026
- 2026Emotion Entanglement and Bayesian Inference for Multi-Dimensional Emotion Understanding1 Apr 2026
- 2026LogSigma at SemEval-2026 Task 3: Uncertainty-Weighted Multitask Learning for Dimensional Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis26 Mar 2026
- 2026Omitted Variable Bias in Language Models Under Distribution Shift18 Feb 2026
- 2026CEI: A Benchmark for Evaluating Pragmatic Reasoning in Language Models14 Feb 2026
- 2026DimABSA: Building Multilingual and Multidomain Datasets for Dimensional Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis30 Jan 2026
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- 2025Unveiling Affective Polarization Trends in Parliamentary Proceedings4 Dec 2025
- 2025Emotion-Enhanced Multi-Task Learning with LLMs for Aspect Category Sentiment Analysis24 Nov 2025
- 2025Classification of Hope in Textual Data using Transformer-Based Models17 Nov 2025
- 2025Decoding Emotion in the Deep: A Systematic Study of How LLMs Represent, Retain, and Express Emotion5 Oct 2025
- 2025Words to Waves: Emotion-Adaptive Music Recommendation System17 Sep 2025
- 2025A Multi-Component AI Framework for Computational Psychology: From Robust Predictive Modeling to Deployed Generative Dialogue16 Sep 2025
- 2025Fluent but Unfeeling: The Emotional Blind Spots of Language Models11 Sep 2025
- 2025MVRS: The Multimodal Virtual Reality Stimuli-based Emotion Recognition Dataset31 Aug 2025
- 2025Continuous sentiment scores for literary and multilingual contexts20 Aug 2025
- 2025Why Robots Are Bad at Detecting Their Mistakes: Limitations of Miscommunication Detection in Human-Robot Dialogue25 Jun 2025
- 2025Contrastive Distillation of Emotion Knowledge from LLMs for Zero-Shot Emotion Recognition23 May 2025
- 2025Optimism, Expectation, or Sarcasm? Multi-Class Hope Speech Detection in Spanish and English24 Apr 2025
- 2025Affect Models Have Weak Generalizability to Atypical Speech22 Apr 2025
- 2025iNews: A Multimodal Dataset for Modeling Personalized Affective Responses to News5 Mar 2025
- 2025Continuous Adversarial Text Representation Learning for Affective Recognition28 Feb 2025
- 2025Pragmatics in the Era of Large Language Models: A Survey on Datasets, Evaluation, Opportunities and Challenges17 Feb 2025
- 2025Detecting harassment and defamation in cyberbullying with emotion-adaptive training28 Jan 2025
- 2025Evaluating Large Language Models Against Human Annotators in Latent Content Analysis: Sentiment, Political Leaning, Emotional Intensity, and Sarcasm5 Jan 2025
- 2024Enhancing Long-term RAG Chatbots with Psychological Models of Memory Importance and Forgetting19 Sep 2024
- 2024From Text to Emotion: Unveiling the Emotion Annotation Capabilities of LLMs30 Aug 2024
50 newest of 75 All 75 (JSON)
- 2023Do LLMs Understand Social Knowledge? Evaluating the Sociability of Large Language Models with SocKET Benchmarkcited by 62
- 2024EmoLLMs: A Series of Emotional Large Language Models and Annotation Tools for Comprehensive Affective Analysiscited by 62
- 2022Dimensional Modeling of Emotions in Text with Appraisal Theories: Corpus Creation, Annotation Reliability, and Predictioncited by 45
- 2025Pragmatics in the Era of Large Language Models: A Survey on Datasets, Evaluation, Opportunities and Challengescited by 31
- 2023Design Choices for Crowdsourcing Implicit Discourse Relations: Revealing the Biases Introduced by Task Designcited by 14
- 2022Natural Language Inference Prompts for Zero-shot Emotion Classification in Text across Corporacited by 13
- 2023Emotion fusion for mental illness detection from social media: A surveycited by 13
- 2024From Text to Emotion: Unveiling the Emotion Annotation Capabilities of LLMscited by 13
- 2023Quantifying Valence and Arousal in Text with Multilingual Pre-trained Transformerscited by 11
- 2025Decoding Emotion in the Deep: A Systematic Study of How LLMs Represent, Retain, and Express Emotioncited by 10
- 2022APPReddit: a Corpus of Reddit Posts Annotated for Appraisalcited by 7
- 2023Emotion Recognition based on Psychological Components in Guided Narratives for Emotion Regulationcited by 7
12 most cited of 70 All 70 (JSON)
- 2026More Choices, Fewer Decisions: Ordinal-Scale Bias in JEV-like Direct-Decision Models30 Sep 2026
- 2026Beyond End-to-End Black Box Mapping: An Intentional Agent Framework for Cognitive-driven Facial Reaction Generation28 Sep 2026
- 2026Emotion Experience, Expression, and Perception: Emotion Analysis on Multimodal Social Media Posts16 Sep 2026
- 2026Chiaroscuro for Emotions: A Contrastive Emotion Benchmark Grounded in Appraisal Theory3 Sep 2026
- 2026EmoLASP: Emotion Recognition with Language Models and Answer Set Programming29 Aug 2026
- 2026VIBE: A VAD-Informed Benchmark for Entity-Centered Affective Profiling of Large Language Model Outputs4 Aug 2026
- 2026From Affect Prediction to Affect Forecasting: Evidence for Distinct Information Sources in Longitudinal Text15 Jun 2026
- 2026Can Large Language Models Handle Discourse Particles? A Case Study of Colloquial Malay27 May 2026
- 2026Uncertainty Decomposition via Cyclical SG-MCMC and Soft-label Learning for Subjective NLP23 May 2026
- 2026Beyond Sentiment Classification: A Generative Framework for Emotion Intensity Evaluation in Text15 May 2026
- 2026Assessing and Mitigating Miscalibration in LLM-Based Social Science Measurement12 May 2026
- 2026ICT-NLP at SemEval-2026 Task 3: Less Is More -- Multilingual Encoder with Joint Training and Adaptive Ensemble for Dimensional Aspect Sentiment Regression11 May 2026
12 newest of 70 All 70 (JSON)