EmoLLMs: A Series of Emotional Large Language Models and Annotation Tools for Comprehensive Affective Analysis
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Abstract (arXiv)
Sentiment analysis and emotion detection are important research topics in natural language processing (NLP) and benefit many downstream tasks. With the widespread application of LLMs, researchers have started exploring the application of LLMs based on instruction-tuning in the field of sentiment analysis. However, these models only focus on single aspects of affective classification tasks (e.g. sentimental polarity or categorical emotions), and overlook the regression tasks (e.g. sentiment strength or emotion intensity), which leads to poor performance in downstream tasks. The main reason is the lack of comprehensive affective instruction tuning datasets and evaluation benchmarks, which cover various affective classification and regression tasks. Moreover, although emotional information is useful for downstream tasks, existing downstream datasets lack high-quality and comprehensive affective annotations. In this paper, we propose EmoLLMs, the first series of open-sourced instruction-following LLMs for comprehensive affective analysis based on fine-tuning various LLMs with instruction data, the first multi-task affective analysis instruction dataset (AAID) with 234K data samples based on various classification and regression tasks to support LLM instruction tuning, and a comprehensive affective evaluation benchmark (AEB) with 14 tasks from various sources and domains to test the generalization ability of LLMs. We propose a series of EmoLLMs by fine-tuning LLMs with AAID to solve various affective instruction tasks. We compare our model with a variety of LLMs on AEB, where our models outperform all other open-sourced LLMs, and surpass ChatGPT and GPT-4 in most tasks, which shows that the series of EmoLLMs achieve the ChatGPT-level and GPT-4-level generalization capabilities on affective analysis tasks, and demonstrates our models can be used as affective annotation tools.
Key facts. Cited by 62 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 24 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Jan 2024.
Builds on
24 of 59 references.
References · 24
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 13; 2025: 31; 2026: 18.
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- 2026CAREBench: Evaluating LLMs' Emotion Understanding by Assessing Cognitive Appraisal Reasoning16 May 2026
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- 2025Anatomy of a Feeling: Narrating Embodied Emotions via Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 2
- 2026Nano-EmoX: Unifying Multimodal Emotional Intelligence from Perception to Empathycited by 1
- 2026Nano-EmoX: Unifying Multimodal Emotional Intelligence from Perception to Empathy2 Mar 2026
- 2025Anatomy of a Feeling: Narrating Embodied Emotions via Large Vision-Language Models23 Sep 2025
- 2025Zero-shot Emotion Annotation in Facial Images Using Large Multimodal Models: Benchmarking and Prospects for Multi-Class, Multi-Frame Approaches18 Feb 2025
- 2024Large Vision-Language Models as Emotion Recognizers in Context Awareness16 Jul 2024
- 2024EMO-LLaMA: Enhancing Facial Emotion Understanding with Instruction Tuningcited by 27
- 2024Affective Computing in the Era of Large Language Models: A Survey from the NLP Perspectivecited by 24
- 2025Theory of Mind in Large Language Models: Assessment and Enhancementcited by 24
- 2024Both Matter: Enhancing the Emotional Intelligence of Large Language Models without Compromising the General Intelligencecited by 11
- 2025Affective Image Editing: Shaping Emotional Factors via Text Descriptionscited by 11
- 2025Decoding Emotion in the Deep: A Systematic Study of How LLMs Represent, Retain, and Express Emotioncited by 10
- 2025Large Language Models for Subjective Language Understanding: A Surveycited by 9
- 2025Dialogue Systems for Emotional Support via Value Reinforcementcited by 8
- 2025Distribution-Aligned Decoding for Efficient LLM Task Adaptationcited by 7
- 2025From Rational Answers to Emotional Resonance: The Role of Controllable Emotion Generation in Language Modelscited by 5
- 2025StorySage: Conversational Autobiography Writing Powered by a Multi-Agent Frameworkcited by 4
- 2024Recognizing Emotion Regulation Strategies from Human Behavior with Large Language Modelscited by 3
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- 2026A Comprehensive Review of Multimodal Facial State Analysis: Tasks, Methods, and Resources6 Sep 2026
- 2026Chiaroscuro for Emotions: A Contrastive Emotion Benchmark Grounded in Appraisal Theory3 Sep 2026
- 2026EmoLASP: Emotion Recognition with Language Models and Answer Set Programming29 Aug 2026
- 2026NTDH: Complex Reasoning for Comprehensive Affective Analysis5 Aug 2026
- 2026Evaluating LLM Usage for Efficient and Explainable Numerical and Classified Implicit Sentiment Analysis of Product Desirability4 Jun 2026
- 2026Beyond Sentiment Classification: A Generative Framework for Emotion Intensity Evaluation in Text15 May 2026
- 2026Mechanistic Decoding of Cognitive Constructs in Large Language Models16 Apr 2026
- 2026A Hormone-inspired Emotion Layer for Transformer language models (HELT)13 Apr 2026
- 2026Leveraging Large Language Models for Sentiment Analysis: Multi-Modal Analysis of Decentraland's MANA Token4 Apr 2026
- 2026On Emergences of Non-Classical Statistical Characteristics in Classical Neural Networks27 Feb 2026
- 2026ViGoEmotions: A Benchmark Dataset For Fine-grained Emotion Detection on Vietnamese Texts9 Feb 2026
- 2026Large language models for spreading dynamics in complex systems8 Feb 2026
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