Deep Unlearning via Randomized Conditionally Independent Hessians
On the map: LLM safety and security → Machine unlearning
Abstract (arXiv)
Recent legislation has led to interest in machine unlearning, i.e., removing specific training samples from a predictive model as if they never existed in the training dataset. Unlearning may also be required due to corrupted/adversarial data or simply a user's updated privacy requirement. For models which require no training (k-NN), simply deleting the closest original sample can be effective. But this idea is inapplicable to models which learn richer representations. Recent ideas leveraging optimization-based updates scale poorly with the model dimension d, due to inverting the Hessian of the loss function. We use a variant of a new conditional independence coefficient, L-CODEC, to identify a subset of the model parameters with the most semantic overlap on an individual sample level. Our approach completely avoids the need to invert a (possibly) huge matrix. By utilizing a Markov blanket selection, we premise that L-CODEC is also suitable for deep unlearning, as well as other applications in vision. Compared to alternatives, L-CODEC makes approximate unlearning possible in settings that would otherwise be infeasible, including vision models used for face recognition, person re-identification and NLP models that may require unlearning samples identified for exclusion. Code can be found at https://github.com/vsingh-group/LCODEC-deep-unlearning/
Key facts. Cited by 83 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Machine unlearning, one of 12 directions in LLM safety and security. Builds on 26 of its 46 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Apr 2022.
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26 of 46 references.
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Other references · 25
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- 2019Convergence Analysis of Inexact Randomized Iterative Methodscited by 8
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 4; 2023: 16; 2024: 34; 2025: 20; 2026: 9.
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- 2022A Survey of Machine Unlearningcited by 298
- 2023Fast Machine Unlearning Without Retraining Through Selective Synaptic Dampeningcited by 177
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- 2025Go Beyond Your Means: Unlearning with Per-Sample Gradient Orthogonalization4 Mar 2025
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- 2022Knowledge Unlearning for Mitigating Privacy Risks in Language Modelscited by 424
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- 2023Learning to Unlearn: Instance-wise Unlearning for Pre-trained Classifierscited by 66
- 2024Scissorhands: Scrub Data Influence via Connection Sensitivity in Networkscited by 50
- 2023Exploring the Landscape of Machine Unlearning: A Comprehensive Survey and Taxonomycited by 44
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12 most cited of 71 All 71 (JSON)
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- 2026Unlearning Offline Stochastic Multi-Armed Bandits1 May 2026
- 2026Jellyfish: Zero-Shot Federated Unlearning Scheme with Knowledge Disentanglement5 Apr 2026
- 2026Machine Unlearning under Retain-Forget Entanglement27 Mar 2026
- 2026Stake the Points: Structure-Faithful Instance Unlearning13 Mar 2026
- 2026MeGU: Machine-Guided Unlearning with Target Feature Disentanglement19 Feb 2026
- 2025Recover-to-Forget: Gradient Reconstruction from LoRA for Efficient LLM Unlearning8 Dec 2025
- 2025WARP: Weight Teleportation for Attack-Resilient Unlearning Protocols29 Nov 2025
- 2025LLM Unlearning with LLM Beliefs22 Oct 2025
- 2025OFMU: Optimization-Driven Framework for Machine Unlearning26 Sep 2025
- 2025Efficient Machine Unlearning via Influence Approximation31 Jul 2025
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- 2025Concept Attractors in LLMs and their Applicationscited by 1
- 2026OSR: Output Space Redistribution for Adaptive Label Removal in Classification Modelscited by 0
- 2026OSR: Output Space Redistribution for Adaptive Label Removal in Classification Models3 Sep 2026
- 2026Controllable Concept Bottleneck Models1 Jan 2026
- 2025Concept Attractors in LLMs and their Applications30 Dec 2025
- 2025DUAL: Learning Diverse Kernels for Aggregated Two-sample and Independence Testing13 Oct 2025
- 2024Unforgettable Generalization in Language Models3 Sep 2024
- 2024Data-Centric AI in the Age of Large Language Models20 Jun 2024
- 2024Editable Concept Bottleneck Models24 May 2024
- 2023Recommendation Unlearning via Matrix Correction29 Jul 2023
- 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Forgetting in Deep Learning Beyond Continual Learning16 Jul 2023