mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Adapting CLIP For Phrase Localization Without Further Training

arXiv 2204.03647 ↗First posted 7 Apr 2022cs.CV cs.AIcited by 21

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Abstract (arXiv)

Supervised or weakly supervised methods for phrase localization (textual grounding) either rely on human annotations or some other supervised models, e.g., object detectors. Obtaining these annotations is labor-intensive and may be difficult to scale in practice. We propose to leverage recent advances in contrastive language-vision models, CLIP, pre-trained on image and caption pairs collected from the internet. In its original form, CLIP only outputs an image-level embedding without any spatial resolution. We adapt CLIP to generate high-resolution spatial feature maps. Importantly, we can extract feature maps from both ViT and ResNet CLIP model while maintaining the semantic properties of an image embedding. This provides a natural framework for phrase localization. Our method for phrase localization requires no human annotations or additional training. Extensive experiments show that our method outperforms existing no-training methods in zero-shot phrase localization, and in some cases, it even outperforms supervised methods. Code is available at https://github.com/pals-ttic/adapting-CLIP .

Key facts. Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 26 of its 40 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Apr 2022.

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26 of 40 references.

References · 26

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  2. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,608
  3. 2021Scaling Up Visual and Vision-Language Representation Learning With Noisy Text Supervisioncited by 3,864
  4. 2016DeepLab: Semantic Image Segmentation with Deep Convolutional Nets, Atrous Convolution, and Fully Connected CRFscited by 3,241
  5. 2016Visual Genome: Connecting Language and Vision Using Crowdsourced Dense Image Annotationscited by 2,656
  6. 2015Flickr30k Entities: Collecting Region-to-Phrase Correspondences for Richer Image-to-Sentence Modelscited by 1,362
  7. 2021Open-vocabulary Object Detection via Vision and Language Knowledge Distillationcited by 906
  8. 2020Open-Vocabulary Object Detection Using Captionscited by 427
  9. 2016Multimodal Compact Bilinear Pooling for Visual Question Answering and Visual Groundingcited by 243
  10. 2021More Control for Free! Image Synthesis with Semantic Diffusion Guidancecited by 212
  11. 2015Learning Deep Structure-Preserving Image-Text Embeddingscited by 139
  12. 2020Improving One-stage Visual Grounding by Recursive Sub-query Constructioncited by 138
14 more
  1. 2015Natural Language Object Retrievalcited by 124
  2. 2017Learning Two-Branch Neural Networks for Image-Text Matching Taskscited by 119
  3. 2015Grounding of Textual Phrases in Images by Reconstructioncited by 112
  4. 2019Dynamic Graph Attention for Referring Expression Comprehensioncited by 111
  5. 2016Modeling Relationships in Referential Expressions with Compositional Modular Networkscited by 106
  6. 2019Zero-Shot Grounding of Objects from Natural Language Queriescited by 79
  7. 2020Improving Weakly Supervised Visual Grounding by Contrastive Knowledge Distillationcited by 51
  8. 2017Conditional Image-Text Embedding Networkscited by 50
  9. 2017Query-guided Regression Network with Context Policy for Phrase Groundingcited by 34
  10. 2016Phrase Localization and Visual Relationship Detection with Comprehensive Image-Language Cuescited by 33
  11. 2019Phrase Localization Without Paired Training Examplescited by 24
  12. 2021Disentangled Motif-aware Graph Learning for Phrase Groundingcited by 17
  13. 2018Interpretable and Globally Optimal Prediction for Textual Grounding using Image Conceptscited by 15
  14. 2018Unsupervised Textual Grounding: Linking Words to Image Conceptscited by 13

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Citing papers per year: 2022: 5; 2023: 7; 2024: 7; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.

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  1. 2022Semantic Abstraction: Open-World 3D Scene Understanding from 2D Vision-Language Modelscited by 95
  2. 2022Perceptual Grouping in Contrastive Vision-Language Modelscited by 82
  3. 2022Fine-Grained Semantically Aligned Vision-Language Pre-Trainingcited by 68
  4. 2023Zero-shot Referring Image Segmentation with Global-Local Context Featurescited by 61
  5. 2024Toward Visual Grounding: A Surveycited by 52
  6. 2024Learning to Localize Objects Improves Spatial Reasoning in Visual-LLMscited by 49
  7. 2023CLIP-VG: Self-paced Curriculum Adapting of CLIP for Visual Groundingcited by 35
  8. 2024HiVG: Hierarchical Multimodal Fine-grained Modulation for Visual Groundingcited by 31
  9. 2022MetaCLUE: Towards Comprehensive Visual Metaphors Researchcited by 28
  10. 2022DQ-DETR: Dual Query Detection Transformer for Phrase Extraction and Groundingcited by 24
  11. 2023NLLB-CLIP -- train performant multilingual image retrieval model on a budgetcited by 24
  12. 2023Text Augmented Spatial-aware Zero-shot Referring Image Segmentationcited by 21
9 more
  1. 2023Zero-shot Referring Expression Comprehension via Structural Similarity Between Images and Captionscited by 21
  2. 2024EffoVPR: Effective Foundation Model Utilization for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 15
  3. 2023Deciphering 'What' and 'Where' Visual Pathways from Spectral Clustering of Layer-Distributed Neural Representationscited by 9
  4. 2024InterCLIP-MEP: Interactive CLIP and Memory-Enhanced Predictor for Multi-modal Sarcasm Detectioncited by 4
  5. 2024Composed Image Retrieval for Training-Free Domain Conversioncited by 4
  6. 2025LGD: Leveraging Generative Descriptions for Zero-Shot Referring Image Segmentationcited by 4
  7. 2024FOR: Finetuning for Object Level Open Vocabulary Image Retrievalcited by 2
  8. 2023Using Visual Cropping to Enhance Fine-Detail Question Answering of BLIP-Family Modelscited by 1
  9. 2026Zero-shot 2D Grounding with Novel Affordance Typescited by 0