A Slot Is Not Built in One Utterance: Spoken Language Dialogs with Sub-Slots
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Abstract (arXiv)
A slot value might be provided segment by segment over multiple-turn interactions in a dialog, especially for some important information such as phone numbers and names. It is a common phenomenon in daily life, but little attention has been paid to it in previous work. To fill the gap, this paper defines a new task named Sub-Slot based Task-Oriented Dialog (SSTOD) and builds a Chinese dialog dataset SSD for boosting research on SSTOD. The dataset includes a total of 40K dialogs and 500K utterances from four different domains: Chinese names, phone numbers, ID numbers and license plate numbers. The data is well annotated with sub-slot values, slot values, dialog states and actions. We find some new linguistic phenomena and interactive manners in SSTOD which raise critical challenges of building dialog agents for the task. We test three state-of-the-art dialog models on SSTOD and find they cannot handle the task well on any of the four domains. We also investigate an improved model by involving slot knowledge in a plug-in manner. More work should be done to meet the new challenges raised from SSTOD which widely exists in real-life applications. The dataset and code are publicly available via https://github.com/shunjiu/SSTOD.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 16 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Mar 2022.
Builds on
16 of 35 references.
References · 16
- 2017Decoupled Weight Decay Regularizationcited by 1,831
- 2018MultiWOZ -- A Large-Scale Multi-Domain Wizard-of-Oz Dataset for Task-Oriented Dialogue Modellingcited by 766
- 2019Towards Scalable Multi-domain Conversational Agents: The Schema-Guided Dialogue Datasetcited by 434
- 2020A Simple Language Model for Task-Oriented Dialoguecited by 332
- 2019Transferable Multi-Domain State Generator for Task-Oriented Dialogue Systemscited by 216
- 2020UBAR: Towards Fully End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialog Systems with GPT-2cited by 111
- 2021GALAXY: A Generative Pre-trained Model for Task-Oriented Dialog with Semi-Supervised Learning and Explicit Policy Injectioncited by 102
- 2019Task-Oriented Dialog Systems that Consider Multiple Appropriate Responses under the Same Contextcited by 99
- 2017Frames: A Corpus for Adding Memory to Goal-Oriented Dialogue Systemscited by 85
- 2020SOLOIST: Building Task Bots at Scale with Transfer Learning and Machine Teachingcited by 71
- 2018Building a Conversational Agent Overnight with Dialogue Self-Playcited by 70
- 2020CrossWOZ: A Large-Scale Chinese Cross-Domain Task-Oriented Dialogue Datasetcited by 66
4 more
- 2017End-to-End Task-Completion Neural Dialogue Systemscited by 52
- 2017Composite Task-Completion Dialogue Policy Learning via Hierarchical Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 44
- 2020CLUECorpus2020: A Large-scale Chinese Corpus for Pre-training Language Modelcited by 36
- 2021Preview, Attend and Review: Schema-Aware Curriculum Learning for Multi-Domain Dialog State Trackingcited by 35
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 4; 2023: 6; 2024: 0; 2025: 0; 2026: 3.
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- 2023SpokenWOZ: A Large-Scale Speech-Text Benchmark for Spoken Task-Oriented Dialogue Agentscited by 71
- 2022UniMSE: Towards Unified Multimodal Sentiment Analysis and Emotion Recognitioncited by 61
- 2022Duplex Conversation: Towards Human-like Interaction in Spoken Dialogue Systemscited by 28
- 2022SPACE-2: Tree-Structured Semi-Supervised Contrastive Pre-training for Task-Oriented Dialog Understandingcited by 28
- 2023UniSA: Unified Generative Framework for Sentiment Analysiscited by 17
- 2023Speech-Text Dialog Pre-training for Spoken Dialog Understanding with Explicit Cross-Modal Alignmentcited by 13
- 2023Unsupervised Dialogue Topic Segmentation with Topic-aware Utterance Representationcited by 11
- 2022CGoDial: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Chinese Goal-oriented Dialog Evaluationcited by 9
- 2023Empathetic Response Generation via Emotion Cause Transition Graphcited by 8
- 2026All Required, In Order: Phase-Level Evaluation for AI-Human Dialogue in Healthcare and Beyondcited by 1
- 2026SpokenUS: A Spoken User Simulator for Task-Oriented Dialoguecited by 1
- 2023An Asynchronous Updating Reinforcement Learning Framework for Task-oriented Dialog Systemcited by 0
1 more
- 2026τ-Elicitation: Benchmarking multi-turn entity extraction in voice agents11 Sep 2026
- 2026SpokenUS: A Spoken User Simulator for Task-Oriented Dialogue17 Mar 2026
- 2026All Required, In Order: Phase-Level Evaluation for AI-Human Dialogue in Healthcare and Beyond13 Jan 2026
- 2023UniSA: Unified Generative Framework for Sentiment Analysis4 Sep 2023
- 2023SpokenWOZ: A Large-Scale Speech-Text Benchmark for Spoken Task-Oriented Dialogue Agents22 May 2023
- 2023Speech-Text Dialog Pre-training for Spoken Dialog Understanding with Explicit Cross-Modal Alignment19 May 2023
- 2023Unsupervised Dialogue Topic Segmentation with Topic-aware Utterance Representation4 May 2023
- 2023An Asynchronous Updating Reinforcement Learning Framework for Task-oriented Dialog System4 May 2023
- 2023Empathetic Response Generation via Emotion Cause Transition Graph23 Feb 2023
- 2022CGoDial: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Chinese Goal-oriented Dialog Evaluation21 Nov 2022
- 2022UniMSE: Towards Unified Multimodal Sentiment Analysis and Emotion Recognition21 Nov 2022
- 2022SPACE-2: Tree-Structured Semi-Supervised Contrastive Pre-training for Task-Oriented Dialog Understanding14 Sep 2022
1 more
- 2022UniMSE: Towards Unified Multimodal Sentiment Analysis and Emotion Recognitioncited by 61
- 2022Duplex Conversation: Towards Human-like Interaction in Spoken Dialogue Systemscited by 28
- 2022SPACE-2: Tree-Structured Semi-Supervised Contrastive Pre-training for Task-Oriented Dialog Understandingcited by 28
- 2023UniSA: Unified Generative Framework for Sentiment Analysiscited by 17
- 2023Speech-Text Dialog Pre-training for Spoken Dialog Understanding with Explicit Cross-Modal Alignmentcited by 13
- 2023Unsupervised Dialogue Topic Segmentation with Topic-aware Utterance Representationcited by 11
- 2022CGoDial: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Chinese Goal-oriented Dialog Evaluationcited by 9
- 2023Empathetic Response Generation via Emotion Cause Transition Graphcited by 8
- 2026All Required, In Order: Phase-Level Evaluation for AI-Human Dialogue in Healthcare and Beyondcited by 1
- 2026SpokenUS: A Spoken User Simulator for Task-Oriented Dialoguecited by 1
- 2023An Asynchronous Updating Reinforcement Learning Framework for Task-oriented Dialog Systemcited by 0
- 2026τ-Elicitation: Benchmarking multi-turn entity extraction in voice agentscited by 0
- 2026τ-Elicitation: Benchmarking multi-turn entity extraction in voice agents11 Sep 2026
- 2026SpokenUS: A Spoken User Simulator for Task-Oriented Dialogue17 Mar 2026
- 2026All Required, In Order: Phase-Level Evaluation for AI-Human Dialogue in Healthcare and Beyond13 Jan 2026
- 2023UniSA: Unified Generative Framework for Sentiment Analysis4 Sep 2023
- 2023Speech-Text Dialog Pre-training for Spoken Dialog Understanding with Explicit Cross-Modal Alignment19 May 2023
- 2023Unsupervised Dialogue Topic Segmentation with Topic-aware Utterance Representation4 May 2023
- 2023An Asynchronous Updating Reinforcement Learning Framework for Task-oriented Dialog System4 May 2023
- 2023Empathetic Response Generation via Emotion Cause Transition Graph23 Feb 2023
- 2022CGoDial: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Chinese Goal-oriented Dialog Evaluation21 Nov 2022
- 2022UniMSE: Towards Unified Multimodal Sentiment Analysis and Emotion Recognition21 Nov 2022
- 2022SPACE-2: Tree-Structured Semi-Supervised Contrastive Pre-training for Task-Oriented Dialog Understanding14 Sep 2022
- 2022Duplex Conversation: Towards Human-like Interaction in Spoken Dialogue Systems30 May 2022