mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Task-Oriented Dialog Systems that Consider Multiple Appropriate Responses under the Same Context

arXiv 1911.10484 ↗First posted 24 Nov 2019cs.CL cs.AIcited by 99

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Abstract (arXiv)

Conversations have an intrinsic one-to-many property, which means that multiple responses can be appropriate for the same dialog context. In task-oriented dialogs, this property leads to different valid dialog policies towards task completion. However, none of the existing task-oriented dialog generation approaches takes this property into account. We propose a Multi-Action Data Augmentation (MADA) framework to utilize the one-to-many property to generate diverse appropriate dialog responses. Specifically, we first use dialog states to summarize the dialog history, and then discover all possible mappings from every dialog state to its different valid system actions. During dialog system training, we enable the current dialog state to map to all valid system actions discovered in the previous process to create additional state-action pairs. By incorporating these additional pairs, the dialog policy learns a balanced action distribution, which further guides the dialog model to generate diverse responses. Experimental results show that the proposed framework consistently improves dialog policy diversity, and results in improved response diversity and appropriateness. Our model obtains state-of-the-art results on MultiWOZ.

Key facts. Cited by 99 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 24 Nov 2019.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 25; 2022: 40; 2023: 18; 2024: 11; 2025: 4; 2026: 1.

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  1. 2021A Survey of Data Augmentation Approaches for NLPcited by 408
  2. 2021Multi-Task Pre-Training for Plug-and-Play Task-Oriented Dialogue Systemcited by 139
  3. 2021Advances and Challenges in Conversational Recommender Systems: A Surveycited by 118
  4. 2021GALAXY: A Generative Pre-trained Model for Task-Oriented Dialog with Semi-Supervised Learning and Explicit Policy Injectioncited by 102
  5. 2023Guiding Large Language Models via Directional Stimulus Promptingcited by 94
  6. 2021Zero-Shot Dialogue State Tracking via Cross-Task Transfercited by 52
  7. 2021Shades of BLEU, Flavours of Success: The Case of MultiWOZcited by 48
  8. 2022Generative Augmented Flow Networkscited by 48
  9. 2022In-Context Learning for Few-Shot Dialogue State Trackingcited by 47
  10. 2022Controllable Dialogue Simulation with In-Context Learningcited by 42
  11. 2023SGP-TOD: Building Task Bots Effortlessly via Schema-Guided LLM Promptingcited by 39
  12. 2025KABB: Knowledge-Aware Bayesian Bandits for Dynamic Expert Coordination in Multi-Agent Systemscited by 36
38 more
  1. 2021Transferable Dialogue Systems and User Simulatorscited by 35
  2. 2022CHAI: A CHatbot AI for Task-Oriented Dialogue with Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 33
  3. 2021AuGPT: Auxiliary Tasks and Data Augmentation for End-To-End Dialogue with Pre-Trained Language Modelscited by 31
  4. 2021Semi-Supervised Variational Reasoning for Medical Dialogue Generationcited by 30
  5. 2021Annotation Inconsistency and Entity Bias in MultiWOZcited by 30
  6. 2022A Survey on Recent Advances and Challenges in Reinforcement Learning Methods for Task-Oriented Dialogue Policy Learningcited by 30
  7. 2024Satori: Towards Proactive AR Assistant with Belief-Desire-Intention User Modelingcited by 24
  8. 2021Pretraining the Noisy Channel Model for Task-Oriented Dialoguecited by 23
  9. 2022Context-Aware Language Modeling for Goal-Oriented Dialogue Systemscited by 22
  10. 2022Dialogue Summaries as Dialogue States (DS2), Template-Guided Summarization for Few-shot Dialogue State Trackingcited by 21
  11. 2022BORT: Back and Denoising Reconstruction for End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialogcited by 20
  12. 2023Fantastic Rewards and How to Tame Them: A Case Study on Reward Learning for Task-oriented Dialogue Systemscited by 19
  13. 2021Domain State Tracking for a Simplified Dialogue Systemcited by 17
  14. 2023End-to-end Task-oriented Dialogue: A Survey of Tasks, Methods, and Future Directionscited by 17
  15. 2021NeuralWOZ: Learning to Collect Task-Oriented Dialogue via Model-Based Simulationcited by 16
  16. 2021Task-Oriented Dialogue System as Natural Language Generationcited by 14
  17. 2021Variational Latent-State GPT for Semi-Supervised Task-Oriented Dialog Systemscited by 13
  18. 2022A Slot Is Not Built in One Utterance: Spoken Language Dialogs with Sub-Slotscited by 13
  19. 2022Dynamic Dialogue Policy for Continual Reinforcement Learningcited by 12
  20. 2023X-RiSAWOZ: High-Quality End-to-End Multilingual Dialogue Datasets and Few-shot Agentscited by 12
  21. 2022Unsupervised Slot Schema Induction for Task-oriented Dialogcited by 11
  22. 2022Multimodal Dialog Systems with Dual Knowledge-enhanced Generative Pretrained Language Modelcited by 11
  23. 2022Mars: Modeling Context & State Representations with Contrastive Learning for End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialogcited by 11
  24. 2021Database Search Results Disambiguation for Task-Oriented Dialog Systemscited by 9
  25. 2022Toward Self-learning End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialog Systemscited by 9
  26. 2022Metaphorical User Simulators for Evaluating Task-oriented Dialogue Systemscited by 9
  27. 2022CGoDial: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Chinese Goal-oriented Dialog Evaluationcited by 9
  28. 2022KRLS: Improving End-to-End Response Generation in Task Oriented Dialog with Reinforced Keywords Learningcited by 9
  29. 2021Retrieve & Memorize: Dialog Policy Learning with Multi-Action Memorycited by 8
  30. 2022Structure Extraction in Task-Oriented Dialogues with Slot Clusteringcited by 8
  31. 2022Efficient Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems with Response Selection as an Auxiliary Taskcited by 8
  32. 2022AARGH! End-to-end Retrieval-Generation for Task-Oriented Dialogcited by 8
  33. 2024Effective and Efficient Conversation Retrieval for Dialogue State Tracking with Implicit Text Summariescited by 8
  34. 2023Knowledge-Retrieval Task-Oriented Dialog Systems with Semi-Supervisioncited by 7
  35. 2023S3-DST: Structured Open-Domain Dialogue Segmentation and State Tracking in the Era of LLMscited by 7
  36. 2021HyKnow: End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialog Modeling with Hybrid Knowledge Managementcited by 6
  37. 2022A Challenge on Semi-Supervised and Reinforced Task-Oriented Dialog Systemscited by 6
  38. 2022A Generative User Simulator with GPT-based Architecture and Goal State Tracking for Reinforced Multi-Domain Dialog Systemscited by 6

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