Policy Architectures for Compositional Generalization in Control
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Abstract (arXiv)
Many tasks in control, robotics, and planning can be specified using desired goal configurations for various entities in the environment. Learning goal-conditioned policies is a natural paradigm to solve such tasks. However, current approaches struggle to learn and generalize as task complexity increases, such as variations in number of environment entities or compositions of goals. In this work, we introduce a framework for modeling entity-based compositional structure in tasks, and create suitable policy designs that can leverage this structure. Our policies, which utilize architectures like Deep Sets and Self Attention, are flexible and can be trained end-to-end without requiring any action primitives. When trained using standard reinforcement and imitation learning methods on a suite of simulated robot manipulation tasks, we find that these architectures achieve significantly higher success rates with less data. We also find these architectures enable broader and compositional generalization, producing policies that extrapolate to different numbers of entities than seen in training, and stitch together (i.e. compose) learned skills in novel ways. Videos of the results can be found at https://sites.google.com/view/comp-gen-rl.
Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Mar 2022.
Builds on
37 of 49 references.
References · 37
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 4; 2023: 7; 2024: 7; 2025: 3; 2026: 2.
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- 2023An Investigation into Pre-Training Object-Centric Representations for Reinforcement Learningcited by 49
- 2022MoCoDA: Model-based Counterfactual Data Augmentationcited by 44
- 2023Masked Trajectory Models for Prediction, Representation, and Controlcited by 40
- 2024Efficient Data Collection for Robotic Manipulation via Compositional Generalizationcited by 35
- 2022Factored Adaptation for Non-Stationary Reinforcement Learningcited by 30
- 2024Entity-Centric Reinforcement Learning for Object Manipulation from Pixelscited by 27
- 2023Learning to Extrapolate: A Transductive Approachcited by 19
- 2024When does compositional structure yield compositional generalization? A kernel theorycited by 19
- 2023Structure in Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Survey and Open Problemscited by 16
- 2024Composing Pre-Trained Object-Centric Representations for Robotics From "What" and "Where" Foundation Modelscited by 16
- 2023Learning Dynamic Attribute-factored World Models for Efficient Multi-object Reinforcement Learningcited by 15
- 2022A System for Morphology-Task Generalization via Unified Representation and Behavior Distillationcited by 12
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- 2023A Survey on Compositional Generalization in Applicationscited by 12
- 2024Entity-based Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Cyber Defencecited by 11
- 2025Learning Interactive World Model for Object-Centric Reinforcement Learningcited by 11
- 2026Hierarchical Entity-centric Reinforcement Learning with Factored Subgoal Diffusioncited by 6
- 2022Zero-Shot Policy Transfer with Disentangled Task Representation of Meta-Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
- 2024Learning Causal Dynamics Models in Object-Oriented Environmentscited by 3
- 2023Language-guided Task Adaptation for Imitation Learningcited by 2
- 2024Efficient Exploration and Discriminative World Model Learning with an Object-Centric Abstractioncited by 2
- 2025UniCO: Towards a Unified Model for Combinatorial Optimization Problemscited by 2
- 2026Neural Operators for Multi-Task Control and Adaptationcited by 1
- 2025Iterative Compositional Data Generation for Robot Controlcited by 0
- 2026Neural Operators for Multi-Task Control and Adaptation3 Apr 2026
- 2026Hierarchical Entity-centric Reinforcement Learning with Factored Subgoal Diffusion2 Feb 2026
- 2025Iterative Compositional Data Generation for Robot Control11 Dec 2025
- 2025Learning Interactive World Model for Object-Centric Reinforcement Learning4 Nov 2025
- 2025UniCO: Towards a Unified Model for Combinatorial Optimization Problems7 May 2025
- 2024Entity-based Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Cyber Defence23 Oct 2024
- 2024Efficient Exploration and Discriminative World Model Learning with an Object-Centric Abstraction21 Aug 2024
- 2024When does compositional structure yield compositional generalization? A kernel theory26 May 2024
- 2024Learning Causal Dynamics Models in Object-Oriented Environments21 May 2024
- 2024Composing Pre-Trained Object-Centric Representations for Robotics From "What" and "Where" Foundation Models20 Apr 2024
- 2024Entity-Centric Reinforcement Learning for Object Manipulation from Pixels1 Apr 2024
- 2024Efficient Data Collection for Robotic Manipulation via Compositional Generalization8 Mar 2024
11 more
- 2023Learning Dynamic Attribute-factored World Models for Efficient Multi-object Reinforcement Learning18 Jul 2023
- 2023Structure in Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Survey and Open Problems28 Jun 2023
- 2023Masked Trajectory Models for Prediction, Representation, and Control4 May 2023
- 2023Learning to Extrapolate: A Transductive Approach27 Apr 2023
- 2023An Investigation into Pre-Training Object-Centric Representations for Reinforcement Learning9 Feb 2023
- 2023A Survey on Compositional Generalization in Applications2 Feb 2023
- 2023Language-guided Task Adaptation for Imitation Learning24 Jan 2023
- 2022A System for Morphology-Task Generalization via Unified Representation and Behavior Distillation25 Nov 2022
- 2022MoCoDA: Model-based Counterfactual Data Augmentation20 Oct 2022
- 2022Zero-Shot Policy Transfer with Disentangled Task Representation of Meta-Reinforcement Learning1 Oct 2022
- 2022Factored Adaptation for Non-Stationary Reinforcement Learning30 Mar 2022
- 2022MoCoDA: Model-based Counterfactual Data Augmentationcited by 44
- 2023Masked Trajectory Models for Prediction, Representation, and Controlcited by 40
- 2023Language-guided Task Adaptation for Imitation Learningcited by 2
- 2023Masked Trajectory Models for Prediction, Representation, and Control4 May 2023
- 2023Language-guided Task Adaptation for Imitation Learning24 Jan 2023
- 2022MoCoDA: Model-based Counterfactual Data Augmentation20 Oct 2022
- 2023Learning Dynamic Attribute-factored World Models for Efficient Multi-object Reinforcement Learningcited by 15
- 2025Learning Interactive World Model for Object-Centric Reinforcement Learningcited by 11
- 2024Efficient Exploration and Discriminative World Model Learning with an Object-Centric Abstractioncited by 2
- 2025Learning Interactive World Model for Object-Centric Reinforcement Learning4 Nov 2025
- 2024Efficient Exploration and Discriminative World Model Learning with an Object-Centric Abstraction21 Aug 2024
- 2023Learning Dynamic Attribute-factored World Models for Efficient Multi-object Reinforcement Learning18 Jul 2023
- 2023An Investigation into Pre-Training Object-Centric Representations for Reinforcement Learningcited by 49
- 2024Efficient Data Collection for Robotic Manipulation via Compositional Generalizationcited by 35
- 2022Factored Adaptation for Non-Stationary Reinforcement Learningcited by 30
- 2024Entity-Centric Reinforcement Learning for Object Manipulation from Pixelscited by 27
- 2023Learning to Extrapolate: A Transductive Approachcited by 19
- 2024When does compositional structure yield compositional generalization? A kernel theorycited by 19
- 2023Structure in Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Survey and Open Problemscited by 16
- 2024Composing Pre-Trained Object-Centric Representations for Robotics From "What" and "Where" Foundation Modelscited by 16
- 2022A System for Morphology-Task Generalization via Unified Representation and Behavior Distillationcited by 12
- 2023A Survey on Compositional Generalization in Applicationscited by 12
- 2024Entity-based Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Cyber Defencecited by 11
- 2026Hierarchical Entity-centric Reinforcement Learning with Factored Subgoal Diffusioncited by 6
12 most cited of 17 All 17 (JSON)
- 2026Neural Operators for Multi-Task Control and Adaptation3 Apr 2026
- 2026Hierarchical Entity-centric Reinforcement Learning with Factored Subgoal Diffusion2 Feb 2026
- 2025Iterative Compositional Data Generation for Robot Control11 Dec 2025
- 2025UniCO: Towards a Unified Model for Combinatorial Optimization Problems7 May 2025
- 2024Entity-based Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Cyber Defence23 Oct 2024
- 2024When does compositional structure yield compositional generalization? A kernel theory26 May 2024
- 2024Learning Causal Dynamics Models in Object-Oriented Environments21 May 2024
- 2024Composing Pre-Trained Object-Centric Representations for Robotics From "What" and "Where" Foundation Models20 Apr 2024
- 2024Entity-Centric Reinforcement Learning for Object Manipulation from Pixels1 Apr 2024
- 2024Efficient Data Collection for Robotic Manipulation via Compositional Generalization8 Mar 2024
- 2023Structure in Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Survey and Open Problems28 Jun 2023
- 2023Learning to Extrapolate: A Transductive Approach27 Apr 2023
12 newest of 17 All 17 (JSON)
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