Path of Destruction: Learning an Iterative Level Generator Using a Small Dataset
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Abstract (arXiv)
We propose a new procedural content generation method which learns iterative level generators from a dataset of existing levels. The Path of Destruction method, as we call it, views level generation as repair; levels are created by iteratively repairing from a random starting level. The first step is to generate an artificial dataset from the original set of levels by introducing many different sequences of mutations to existing levels. In the generated dataset, features are observations of destroyed levels and targets are the specific actions that repair the mutated tile in the middle of the observations. Using this dataset, a convolutional network is trained to map from observations to their respective appropriate repair actions. The trained network is then used to iteratively produce levels from random starting maps. We demonstrate this method by applying it to generate unique and playable tile-based levels for several 2D games (Zelda, Danger Dave, and Sokoban) and vary key hyperparameters.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 11 of its 30 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Feb 2022.
Builds on
11 of 30 references.
References · 11
- 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,255
- 2018Generative Image Inpainting with Contextual Attentioncited by 580
- 2017Procedural Content Generation via Machine Learning (PCGML)cited by 137
- 2020PCGRL: Procedural Content Generation via Reinforcement Learningcited by 90
- 2018Evolving Mario Levels in the Latent Space of a Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networkcited by 76
- 2016Super Mario as a String: Platformer Level Generation Via LSTMscited by 40
- 2021Learning Controllable Content Generatorscited by 40
- 2019Bootstrapping Conditional GANs for Video Game Level Generationcited by 35
- 2021Illuminating Diverse Neural Cellular Automata for Level Generationcited by 35
- 2020Rotation, Translation, and Cropping for Zero-Shot Generalizationcited by 24
- 2020Mixed-Initiative Level Design with RL Brushcited by 13
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 3; 2024: 3; 2025: 2; 2026: 3.
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- 2024DreamCraft: Text-Guided Generation of Functional 3D Environments in Minecraftcited by 17
- 2022Mutation Models: Learning to Generate Levels by Imitating Evolutioncited by 9
- 2025The Procedural Content Generation Benchmark: An Open-source Testbed for Generative Challenges in Gamescited by 6
- 2024Measuring Diversity of Game Scenarioscited by 5
- 2022GriddlyJS: A Web IDE for Reinforcement Learningcited by 4
- 2023Balancing of competitive two-player Game Levels with Reinforcement Learningcited by 4
- 2022Start Small: Training Controllable Game Level Generators without Training Data by Learning at Multiple Sizescited by 2
- 2023Controllable Path of Destructioncited by 1
- 2023Reconstructing Existing Levels through Level Inpaintingcited by 1
- 2024Improving Conditional Level Generation using Automated Validation in Match-3 Gamescited by 0
- 2025Simulation-Driven Balancing of Competitive Game Levels with Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026Learning Local Constraints for Reinforcement-Learned Content Generatorscited by 0
- 2026ELMER: Evolutionary Language Model that Explores and Refines10 Aug 2026
- 2026Representing and Generating Levels Over Time through Playtrace Reconstructive Partitioning13 Jul 2026
- 2026Learning Local Constraints for Reinforcement-Learned Content Generators13 May 2026
- 2025The Procedural Content Generation Benchmark: An Open-source Testbed for Generative Challenges in Games27 Mar 2025
- 2025Simulation-Driven Balancing of Competitive Game Levels with Reinforcement Learning24 Mar 2025
- 2024Improving Conditional Level Generation using Automated Validation in Match-3 Games10 Sep 2024
- 2024DreamCraft: Text-Guided Generation of Functional 3D Environments in Minecraft23 Apr 2024
- 2024Measuring Diversity of Game Scenarios15 Apr 2024
- 2023Reconstructing Existing Levels through Level Inpainting18 Sep 2023
- 2023Balancing of competitive two-player Game Levels with Reinforcement Learning7 Jun 2023
- 2023Controllable Path of Destruction29 May 2023
- 2022Start Small: Training Controllable Game Level Generators without Training Data by Learning at Multiple Sizes29 Sep 2022
2 more
- 2022GriddlyJS: A Web IDE for Reinforcement Learning13 Jul 2022
- 2022Mutation Models: Learning to Generate Levels by Imitating Evolution11 Jun 2022
- 2024DreamCraft: Text-Guided Generation of Functional 3D Environments in Minecraftcited by 17
- 2022Mutation Models: Learning to Generate Levels by Imitating Evolutioncited by 9
- 2025The Procedural Content Generation Benchmark: An Open-source Testbed for Generative Challenges in Gamescited by 6
- 2024Measuring Diversity of Game Scenarioscited by 5
- 2022GriddlyJS: A Web IDE for Reinforcement Learningcited by 4
- 2023Balancing of competitive two-player Game Levels with Reinforcement Learningcited by 4
- 2022Start Small: Training Controllable Game Level Generators without Training Data by Learning at Multiple Sizescited by 2
- 2023Controllable Path of Destructioncited by 1
- 2023Reconstructing Existing Levels through Level Inpaintingcited by 1
- 2024Improving Conditional Level Generation using Automated Validation in Match-3 Gamescited by 0
- 2026Learning Local Constraints for Reinforcement-Learned Content Generatorscited by 0
- 2026Representing and Generating Levels Over Time through Playtrace Reconstructive Partitioningcited by 0
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026ELMER: Evolutionary Language Model that Explores and Refines10 Aug 2026
- 2026Representing and Generating Levels Over Time through Playtrace Reconstructive Partitioning13 Jul 2026
- 2026Learning Local Constraints for Reinforcement-Learned Content Generators13 May 2026
- 2025The Procedural Content Generation Benchmark: An Open-source Testbed for Generative Challenges in Games27 Mar 2025
- 2024Improving Conditional Level Generation using Automated Validation in Match-3 Games10 Sep 2024
- 2024DreamCraft: Text-Guided Generation of Functional 3D Environments in Minecraft23 Apr 2024
- 2024Measuring Diversity of Game Scenarios15 Apr 2024
- 2023Reconstructing Existing Levels through Level Inpainting18 Sep 2023
- 2023Balancing of competitive two-player Game Levels with Reinforcement Learning7 Jun 2023
- 2023Controllable Path of Destruction29 May 2023
- 2022Start Small: Training Controllable Game Level Generators without Training Data by Learning at Multiple Sizes29 Sep 2022
- 2022GriddlyJS: A Web IDE for Reinforcement Learning13 Jul 2022
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)