Saliency Guided Experience Packing for Replay in Continual Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
Artificial learning systems aspire to mimic human intelligence by continually learning from a stream of tasks without forgetting past knowledge. One way to enable such learning is to store past experiences in the form of input examples in episodic memory and replay them when learning new tasks. However, performance of such method suffers as the size of the memory becomes smaller. In this paper, we propose a new approach for experience replay, where we select the past experiences by looking at the saliency maps which provide visual explanations for the model's decision. Guided by these saliency maps, we pack the memory with only the parts or patches of the input images important for the model's prediction. While learning a new task, we replay these memory patches with appropriate zero-padding to remind the model about its past decisions. We evaluate our algorithm on CIFAR-100, miniImageNet and CUB datasets and report better performance than the state-of-the-art approaches. With qualitative and quantitative analyses we show that our method captures richer summaries of past experiences without any memory increase, and hence performs well with small episodic memory.
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 41 of its 60 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Sep 2021.
Builds on
41 of 60 references.
References · 41
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
- 2016Grad-CAM: Visual Explanations from Deep Networks via Gradient-based Localizationcited by 6,733
- 2016Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networkscited by 4,787
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- 2013Deep Inside Convolutional Networks: Visualising Image Classification Models and Saliency Mapscited by 2,371
- 2016iCaRL: Incremental Classifier and Representation Learningcited by 2,333
- 2016Matching Networks for One Shot Learningcited by 2,255
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- 2017Continual Learning with Deep Generative Replaycited by 1,158
- 2017SmoothGrad: removing noise by adding noisecited by 1,109
29 more
- 2017Memory Aware Synapses: Learning what (not) to forgetcited by 1,105
- 2018Experience Replay for Continual Learningcited by 1,095
- 2018Efficient Lifelong Learning with A-GEMcited by 1,058
- 2017Grad-CAM++: Improved Visual Explanations for Deep Convolutional Networkscited by 939
- 2020Dark Experience for General Continual Learning: a Strong, Simple Baselinecited by 911
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- 2017Lifelong Learning with Dynamically Expandable Networkscited by 694
- 2018Overcoming catastrophic forgetting with hard attention to the taskcited by 681
- 2019Gradient based sample selection for online continual learningcited by 571
- 2018Learning to Learn without Forgetting by Maximizing Transfer and Minimizing Interferencecited by 521
- 2019Online Continual Learning with Maximally Interfered Retrievalcited by 379
- 2019Orthogonal Gradient Descent for Continual Learningcited by 369
- 2021Gradient Projection Memory for Continual Learningcited by 348
- 2017Variational Continual Learningcited by 339
- 2016Top-down Neural Attention by Excitation Backpropcited by 321
- 2019On Tiny Episodic Memories in Continual Learningcited by 307
- 2018Learning without Memorizingcited by 250
- 2021Online Continual Learning in Image Classification: An Empirical Surveycited by 245
- 2018Re-evaluating Continual Learning Scenarios: A Categorization and Case for Strong Baselinescited by 228
- 2019Full-Gradient Representation for Neural Network Visualizationcited by 191
- 2020Using Hindsight to Anchor Past Knowledge in Continual Learningcited by 161
- 2020Continual Prototype Evolution: Learning Online from Non-Stationary Data Streamscited by 144
- 2020Adversarial Continual Learningcited by 142
- 2018Memory Efficient Experience Replay for Streaming Learningcited by 128
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- 2020Optimal Continual Learning has Perfect Memory and is NP-hardcited by 87
- 2021Rehearsal revealed: The limits and merits of revisiting samples in continual learningcited by 76
- 2020Remembering for the Right Reasons: Explanations Reduce Catastrophic Forgettingcited by 34
- 2020SPACE: Structured Compression and Sharing of Representational Space for Continual Learningcited by 15
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 4; 2024: 4; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
15 papers.
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- 2022Going Beyond XAI: A Systematic Survey for Explanation-Guided Learningcited by 36
- 2023The Ideal Continual Learner: An Agent That Never Forgetscited by 35
- 2023Continual Learning with Scaled Gradient Projectioncited by 34
- 2022Sample Condensation in Online Continual Learningcited by 31
- 2023Concept Distillation: Leveraging Human-Centered Explanations for Model Improvementcited by 10
- 2023Saliency-Guided Hidden Associative Replay for Continual Learningcited by 5
- 2022Saliency-Augmented Memory Completion for Continual Learningcited by 2
- 2024Selective Attention-based Modulation for Continual Learningcited by 1
- 2024Continual Learning for Multimodal Data Fusion of a Soft Grippercited by 1
- 2025Continual Learning of Multiple Cognitive Functions with Brain-inspired Temporal Development Mechanismcited by 1
- 2025CIP-Net: Continual Interpretable Prototype-based Networkcited by 1
- 2024Progressive Conservative Adaptation for Evolving Target Domainscited by 0
- 2026Saliency-Guided Replay for Continual Learning in Deep Spiking Neural Networks13 Oct 2026
- 2025CIP-Net: Continual Interpretable Prototype-based Network8 Dec 2025
- 2025Efficient Text-Attributed Graph Learning through Selective Annotation and Graph Alignment8 Jun 2025
- 2025Continual Learning of Multiple Cognitive Functions with Brain-inspired Temporal Development Mechanism8 Apr 2025
- 2024Effective Guidance for Model Attention with Simple Yes-no Annotations29 Oct 2024
- 2024Continual Learning for Multimodal Data Fusion of a Soft Gripper20 Sep 2024
- 2024Selective Attention-based Modulation for Continual Learning29 Mar 2024
- 2024Progressive Conservative Adaptation for Evolving Target Domains7 Feb 2024
- 2023Concept Distillation: Leveraging Human-Centered Explanations for Model Improvement26 Nov 2023
- 2023Saliency-Guided Hidden Associative Replay for Continual Learning6 Oct 2023
- 2023The Ideal Continual Learner: An Agent That Never Forgets29 Apr 2023
- 2023Continual Learning with Scaled Gradient Projection2 Feb 2023
3 more
- 2022Saliency-Augmented Memory Completion for Continual Learning26 Dec 2022
- 2022Going Beyond XAI: A Systematic Survey for Explanation-Guided Learning7 Dec 2022
- 2022Sample Condensation in Online Continual Learning23 Jun 2022
- 2022Going Beyond XAI: A Systematic Survey for Explanation-Guided Learningcited by 36
- 2023The Ideal Continual Learner: An Agent That Never Forgetscited by 35
- 2023Continual Learning with Scaled Gradient Projectioncited by 34
- 2022Sample Condensation in Online Continual Learningcited by 31
- 2023Concept Distillation: Leveraging Human-Centered Explanations for Model Improvementcited by 10
- 2023Saliency-Guided Hidden Associative Replay for Continual Learningcited by 5
- 2022Saliency-Augmented Memory Completion for Continual Learningcited by 2
- 2024Selective Attention-based Modulation for Continual Learningcited by 1
- 2024Continual Learning for Multimodal Data Fusion of a Soft Grippercited by 1
- 2025Continual Learning of Multiple Cognitive Functions with Brain-inspired Temporal Development Mechanismcited by 1
- 2025CIP-Net: Continual Interpretable Prototype-based Networkcited by 1
- 2024Progressive Conservative Adaptation for Evolving Target Domainscited by 0
12 most cited of 15 All 15 (JSON)
- 2026Saliency-Guided Replay for Continual Learning in Deep Spiking Neural Networks13 Oct 2026
- 2025CIP-Net: Continual Interpretable Prototype-based Network8 Dec 2025
- 2025Efficient Text-Attributed Graph Learning through Selective Annotation and Graph Alignment8 Jun 2025
- 2025Continual Learning of Multiple Cognitive Functions with Brain-inspired Temporal Development Mechanism8 Apr 2025
- 2024Effective Guidance for Model Attention with Simple Yes-no Annotations29 Oct 2024
- 2024Continual Learning for Multimodal Data Fusion of a Soft Gripper20 Sep 2024
- 2024Selective Attention-based Modulation for Continual Learning29 Mar 2024
- 2024Progressive Conservative Adaptation for Evolving Target Domains7 Feb 2024
- 2023Concept Distillation: Leveraging Human-Centered Explanations for Model Improvement26 Nov 2023
- 2023Saliency-Guided Hidden Associative Replay for Continual Learning6 Oct 2023
- 2023The Ideal Continual Learner: An Agent That Never Forgets29 Apr 2023
- 2023Continual Learning with Scaled Gradient Projection2 Feb 2023
12 newest of 15 All 15 (JSON)