MmWave Radar and Vision Fusion for Object Detection in Autonomous Driving: A Review
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Abstract (arXiv)
With autonomous driving developing in a booming stage, accurate object detection in complex scenarios attract wide attention to ensure the safety of autonomous driving. Millimeter wave (mmWave) radar and vision fusion is a mainstream solution for accurate obstacle detection. This article presents a detailed survey on mmWave radar and vision fusion based obstacle detection methods. First, we introduce the tasks, evaluation criteria, and datasets of object detection for autonomous driving. The process of mmWave radar and vision fusion is then divided into three parts: sensor deployment, sensor calibration, and sensor fusion, which are reviewed comprehensively. Specifically, we classify the fusion methods into data level, decision level, and feature level fusion methods. In addition, we introduce three-dimensional(3D) object detection, the fusion of lidar and vision in autonomous driving and multimodal information fusion, which are promising for the future. Finally, we summarize this article.
Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 101 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Aug 2021.
Builds on
21 of 101 references.
References · 21
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9 more
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 9; 2024: 6; 2025: 2; 2026: 4.
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- 2023Milestones in Autonomous Driving and Intelligent Vehicles: Survey of Surveyscited by 75
- 2023Radar-Camera Fusion for Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 57
- 2023MVFAN: Multi-View Feature Assisted Network for 4D Radar Object Detectioncited by 20
- 2023Vision-RADAR fusion for Robotics BEV Detections: A Surveycited by 14
- 2023Sparse Beats Dense: Rethinking Supervision in Radar-Camera Depth Completioncited by 12
- 2024Radar and Camera Fusion for Object Detection and Tracking: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 9
- 2023ClusterFusion: Leveraging Radar Spatial Features for Radar-Camera 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Vehiclescited by 5
- 2024SparseRadNet: Sparse Perception Neural Network on Subsampled Radar Datacited by 5
- 2022Physics and semantic informed multi-sensor calibration via optimization theory and self-supervised learningcited by 4
- 2025TARS: Traffic-Aware Radar Scene Flow Estimationcited by 3
- 2024A Survey of Deep Learning Based Radar and Vision Fusion for 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Drivingcited by 2
- 2023A survey on deep learning approaches for data integration in autonomous driving systemcited by 1
10 more
- 2023Differentiable Radio Frequency Ray Tracing for Millimeter-Wave Sensingcited by 1
- 2023mmSense: Detecting Concealed Weapons with a Miniature Radar Sensorcited by 0
- 2024Design of UAV flight state recognition and trajectory prediction system based on trajectory feature constructioncited by 0
- 2024Cross-Domain Spatial Matching for Camera and Radar Sensor Data Fusion in Autonomous Vehicle Perception Systemcited by 0
- 2024Tracing Human Stress from Physiological Signals using UWB Radarcited by 0
- 2025GRAM-MAMBA: Holistic Feature Alignment for Wireless Perception with Adaptive Low-Rank Compensationcited by 0
- 2026Control Your Queries: Heterogeneous Query Interaction for Camera-Radar Fusioncited by 0
- 2026NERVE: A Neuromorphic Vision and Radar Ensemble for Multi-Sensor Fusion Researchcited by 0
- 2026Radar Guided Camera Verification for Automatic Emergency Braking Rethinking Object Detection in Radar Camera Fusioncited by 0
- 20264D Radar Perception Algorithms for Autonomous Driving: A Reviewcited by 0
- 20264D Radar Perception Algorithms for Autonomous Driving: A Review16 Sep 2026
- 2026Radar Guided Camera Verification for Automatic Emergency Braking Rethinking Object Detection in Radar Camera Fusion25 Jun 2026
- 2026NERVE: A Neuromorphic Vision and Radar Ensemble for Multi-Sensor Fusion Research13 May 2026
- 2026Control Your Queries: Heterogeneous Query Interaction for Camera-Radar Fusion28 Apr 2026
- 2025GRAM-MAMBA: Holistic Feature Alignment for Wireless Perception with Adaptive Low-Rank Compensation18 Jul 2025
- 2025TARS: Traffic-Aware Radar Scene Flow Estimation13 Mar 2025
- 2024Radar and Camera Fusion for Object Detection and Tracking: A Comprehensive Survey24 Oct 2024
- 2024Tracing Human Stress from Physiological Signals using UWB Radar14 Oct 2024
- 2024SparseRadNet: Sparse Perception Neural Network on Subsampled Radar Data15 Jun 2024
- 2024A Survey of Deep Learning Based Radar and Vision Fusion for 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Driving2 Jun 2024
- 2024Cross-Domain Spatial Matching for Camera and Radar Sensor Data Fusion in Autonomous Vehicle Perception System25 Apr 2024
- 2024Design of UAV flight state recognition and trajectory prediction system based on trajectory feature construction28 Jan 2024
10 more
- 2023Sparse Beats Dense: Rethinking Supervision in Radar-Camera Depth Completion1 Dec 2023
- 2023Differentiable Radio Frequency Ray Tracing for Millimeter-Wave Sensing22 Nov 2023
- 2023MVFAN: Multi-View Feature Assisted Network for 4D Radar Object Detection25 Oct 2023
- 2023ClusterFusion: Leveraging Radar Spatial Features for Radar-Camera 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Vehicles7 Sep 2023
- 2023A survey on deep learning approaches for data integration in autonomous driving system17 Jun 2023
- 2023Radar-Camera Fusion for Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Review20 Apr 2023
- 2023Milestones in Autonomous Driving and Intelligent Vehicles: Survey of Surveys30 Mar 2023
- 2023mmSense: Detecting Concealed Weapons with a Miniature Radar Sensor28 Feb 2023
- 2023Vision-RADAR fusion for Robotics BEV Detections: A Survey13 Feb 2023
- 2022Physics and semantic informed multi-sensor calibration via optimization theory and self-supervised learning6 Jun 2022
- 2023Milestones in Autonomous Driving and Intelligent Vehicles: Survey of Surveyscited by 75
- 2023Radar-Camera Fusion for Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 57
- 2023MVFAN: Multi-View Feature Assisted Network for 4D Radar Object Detectioncited by 20
- 2023Vision-RADAR fusion for Robotics BEV Detections: A Surveycited by 14
- 2023Sparse Beats Dense: Rethinking Supervision in Radar-Camera Depth Completioncited by 12
- 2024Radar and Camera Fusion for Object Detection and Tracking: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 9
- 2023ClusterFusion: Leveraging Radar Spatial Features for Radar-Camera 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Vehiclescited by 5
- 2024SparseRadNet: Sparse Perception Neural Network on Subsampled Radar Datacited by 5
- 2022Physics and semantic informed multi-sensor calibration via optimization theory and self-supervised learningcited by 4
- 2025TARS: Traffic-Aware Radar Scene Flow Estimationcited by 3
- 2023A survey on deep learning approaches for data integration in autonomous driving systemcited by 1
- 2023Differentiable Radio Frequency Ray Tracing for Millimeter-Wave Sensingcited by 1
12 most cited of 20 All 20 (JSON)
- 20264D Radar Perception Algorithms for Autonomous Driving: A Review16 Sep 2026
- 2026Radar Guided Camera Verification for Automatic Emergency Braking Rethinking Object Detection in Radar Camera Fusion25 Jun 2026
- 2026NERVE: A Neuromorphic Vision and Radar Ensemble for Multi-Sensor Fusion Research13 May 2026
- 2026Control Your Queries: Heterogeneous Query Interaction for Camera-Radar Fusion28 Apr 2026
- 2025TARS: Traffic-Aware Radar Scene Flow Estimation13 Mar 2025
- 2024Radar and Camera Fusion for Object Detection and Tracking: A Comprehensive Survey24 Oct 2024
- 2024Tracing Human Stress from Physiological Signals using UWB Radar14 Oct 2024
- 2024SparseRadNet: Sparse Perception Neural Network on Subsampled Radar Data15 Jun 2024
- 2024Cross-Domain Spatial Matching for Camera and Radar Sensor Data Fusion in Autonomous Vehicle Perception System25 Apr 2024
- 2024Design of UAV flight state recognition and trajectory prediction system based on trajectory feature construction28 Jan 2024
- 2023Sparse Beats Dense: Rethinking Supervision in Radar-Camera Depth Completion1 Dec 2023
- 2023Differentiable Radio Frequency Ray Tracing for Millimeter-Wave Sensing22 Nov 2023
12 newest of 20 All 20 (JSON)